Tlumularia. Z. HYDROIDA. 149 



The roots are matted together with numerous entangled fibres. 

 Stalks 6 inches in height or more, the largest as thick as a crow-quill, 

 yellowish-brown, straight or slightly curved, swollen at intervals on 

 the back, and simple or once divided : they are each of them com- 

 posed of a number of tubes bound together, as is easily seen on a 

 transverse section, and the oblong dorsal knobs seem to be produced 

 by a less close adhesion of the tubes at these places, " marking pro- 

 bably the stages of growth." The branches or pinnag spring from 

 both sides beginning about the middle of the stalk, the lower part be- 

 ing naked, but they incline so much one way as to appear unilateral. 

 The wide cylindrical cells are divided from each other by a joint, and 

 are seated in the axil of a curved spinous process which projects far 



enough to form a short tooth at the under side of the aperture. 



When dry the stalk is twisted and more distinctly perceived to be 

 composed of a bundle of tubes, and consequently furrowed. In each 

 of the furrows there is a row of small holes with a raised brim as if 

 punctures had been made by an instrument pushed from within. The 

 holes are close- set, and regular in their size, form, and in the distances 

 between them. 



8. P. FRUTESCENS, stcm branched, the branches primate ; 

 pinnce alternate, bifid; cells infundibidiform, leaning, rather dis- 

 tant, the mouth plain. Ellis. 



Plate XX. Fig. 2, 3. 



Sertiilaria Gorgonia, Pall. Elench. 158 S. frutescens, Ellis and So- 



land. Zooph. 55. pi. 6, fig. a, A. and pL 9. fig 1, 2, encrusted with a 

 Gorgonia. Turt. Gmel. iv. 680. Turt. Brit. Faun. 214. Steiu. Elem. 

 ii. 445. Bosc, Vers, iii. 113. Hogg's Stock. 33.— Aglaophenia fru- 

 tescens, Lamour. Cor. Flex. 173. Corall. 76 Plumularia frutescens, 



Flem. Brit. Anim. 547. Lam. Anim. s. Vert. 2de edit. ii. 166 La 



P. frutesceiite, Blainv. Actinolog. 477. 

 Hah. Found at Scarborough in Yorkshire, Ellis, — whence I have 

 specimens from 3Ir Bean, who states that it inhabits deep water, 

 where it grows attached to stones and shells by a fibrous base, and is 

 very rare. Hartlepool, Durham, J. Hogg, Esq. 



Polypidom between four and five inches in height, firm and woody, 

 black or dusky-brown, varnished, irregularly branched. Stem and 

 branches tapered, composed of many parallel twisted capillary tubes, 

 the branches erecto-patent, spreading laterally, pinnate ; pinnsE rather 

 close, alternate, two or three from each space between the joints, and 

 each divided into two branches. Cells rather distant, adnate, cylin- 

 drical widening outwards, smooth, with an entire slightly everted 

 margin : there is a small cell in the axils of the pinnae, and a den- 



