CARyoiHYJ.LiA. Z. HELIANTHOIUA 207 



by Mr J. E. Gray,* that they are fixed in their rirst stage of existence, 

 but become detached by age. Dr Fleming, to his description of the 

 species, adds, " From its shape, it appears probable, that it grows with 

 its base fixed in the sandy bottom of the sea, as Pallas formerly con- 

 jectured." 



18. Caryophyllta, f Lamarck. 

 Character. Animal like the Actinia : Polypidom permanent- 

 ly Jixed^ simple^ cylindrical or conoid, striated externally in a lon- 

 gitudinal direction, the top holloiced into a lamellated stellular cup. 



1. C. S'SUTHU, polypidom cylind7'ical ; lamelloi entire, arched, 

 faintly crenate, from 3 to 5 smaller ones beticeen the larger ; 

 centre tubercular. Rev. Dr Fleming. 



Vignette, No. 30, page 206. 

 Caryophyllia cyathus, Fleming in Wern. Mem. ii. 249 ; and in Edin. New 

 Phil- Journ, viii. 70. Broderip in Ibid. viii. 312. Flem. Brit. Aiiim. 508. 

 — C. Sniitliii, Stokes and Broderip in Zool. Journ. iii. 486, pi. 13, fig. 

 1-6. and in Bull, des Sc. Nat. xvii. 157. Buckland, Bridgew. Treat, ii. 

 90, pi. 54 fig. 9-11. Harvey in Proc. Zool. Soe. 1834, part ii. 28 : and 

 in Mag. Nat. Hist. New Series, i. 474, fig. 5b- 

 Hah, " From deep water off Foulah, in Zetland," Fleming. 

 Southern coast of Devonshire, Thomas Smith, Esq. Cornwall, 

 Mr Coutch. 



The Polypidom is firmly attached to the rock so as apparently to 

 make a part of it : it is cylindrical, whitish stained with brown, stri- 

 ated or finely grooved on the exterior, internally cupped and lamel- 

 lar. The lamellae are of three kinds, a larger and more prominent, 

 between every pair of which there are generally three, but sometimes 

 five lesser ones, of which the central one differs from the others in 

 being divided into two portions, the innermost half projecting beyond 

 the others towards the centre and forming an inner series. J All 



* SjTi. of Brit. Museum, p. 70. See also in relation to this point Mr Stutch- 

 bury's observations on the growth of young Corals of the genus Fungia, in Lin. 

 Trans, xvi. p. 493. 



f From KA^voy, anut, and<?i/X?iov,a leaf. — The name has been so generally re- 

 ceived that it might be difficult to substitute another for the genus, and yet it 

 is very objectionable. There is a Caryophyllceus amorg the intestinal worms ; 

 and the Caryophyllece are familiar to all botanists — The following generic cha- 

 racter of Caryophi/llia is given by Mr Stokes : " Polyparium simplex, basi 

 affixum. Corona lamini.s duplici serie dispositis, cxterioribus majoribus, re- 

 gulariter insequalibus, maximis inter seriei internie laminas interpositis. Dis- 

 cus lamellis erectis, prominulis foliatis." 



\ Dr Fleming describes the plates thus -. " The lamellseare disposed in fours. 



