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VII. EFFECTS OF ECOSYSTEM MANIPULATION ON 



LIVING RESOURCES 101 



A. Ecosystem Changed Following the 



Decline of Whale Stocks 101 



1. Baleen Whales 102 



2. Seals 104 



3. Penguins and Other Seabirds 105 



4 . Fish and Squid 106 



5. Discussion 1^6 



B. Potential Ecosystem Changes Resulting 



from Future Krill Harvest 106 



1. Competition, Predation, and Ecosystem 

 Stability 106 



2. Potential Levels of Impact 109 



3 . Summary HO 



VIII. CURRENT INFORMATION AND FUTURE MANAGEMENT 

 DECISIONS Ill 



A. Reliability of Data and Estimates Ill 



B. Risks Associated with Making Management 

 Decisions Upon Current Information 112 



IX. CONCLUSION 113 



A. Different Approaches to Management 



of Living Resources 113 



B. The Need for an Ecosystem Approach in 



Managing Antarctic Krill 113 



X. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 115 



