374 



COSMOS. 



solar system, 146; investigations on the 

 propaa;ation of light, 153; parallaxes 

 and distances of fixed stars, 153; ob- 

 servations on Halley's comet, 105. 



Studer, Professor, on mineral metamorph- 

 ism. See note by Translator, 248. 



Sun, magnitude of its volume compared 

 with that of the fixed stars, 136 ; obscu- 

 ration of its disk, 132 ; rotation round 

 the center of gravity of the whole solar 

 system, 145 ; velocity of its translatory 

 motion, 145 ; narrow limitations of its 

 atmosphere as compared with the nu- 

 cleus of other nebulous stars, 141 ; '"sun 

 stones"of the ancients, 122; views of the 

 Greek philosophers on the sun, 122. 



Symond, Lieut., his trigonometrical sur- 

 vey of the Dead Sea, 296, 297. 



Tacitus, distinguished local climatic rela- 

 tions from those of race, 352. 



Temperature of the globe, see Earth and 

 Ocean ; remarkaLde uniformity over 

 the same spaces of the surface of the 

 ocean, 303 ; zones at which occur the 

 maxima of the oceanic temperature, 

 304 ; causes which raise the tempera- 

 ture, 319 ; causes which lower the tem- 

 perature, 319, 320 ; temperature of va- 

 rious places, annual, and in the difler- 

 ent seasons, 322, 323-328 ; thermic scale 

 of temperature, 324, 325 ; of continental 

 climates as compared with insular and 

 littoral climates, 321, 322 ; law of de- 

 crease with increase of elevation, 327 ; 

 depression of, by shoals, 309 ; refrigera- 

 tion of the lower strata of the ocean, 303. 



I'eneriffe, Peak of, its striking scenery, 26. 



Theodectes of Phaselis on thecolor of the 

 Ethiopians, 353. 



Theon of Alexandria described comets as 

 "wandering light clouds," 100. 



Theophylactus described Scythia as free 

 from. earthquakes, 204. 



Thermal scales of cultivated plants, 324. 

 325. 



Thermal springs, their temperature, con- 

 stancy, and change, 221-224 ; animal 

 and vegetable life in, 345. 



Thermometer, 338. 



Thibet, habitability of its elevated pla- 

 teaux, 331, 332. 



Thienemann on the Aurora, 197, 200. 



Thought, results of its free action, 53, 54 ; 

 union with language, 56. 



Tiberias, Sea of, its depression below the 

 level of the Mediterranean, 296. 



Tides of the ocean, their phenomena, 305, 

 306. 



Tillard, Capt, on the sudden appearance 

 of the island of Sabrina, 242. 



Tournefort, zones of vegetation on Mount 

 Ararat, 347. 



Tralles, his notice of the negative electric- 

 ity of the air near high waterfalls, 336. 



Translator, notes by, 29 ; on the increase 

 of the earth's internal heat with increase 

 of depth, 45; silicious infusoria and au- 

 imalculites, 46 . chemical analysis of an 

 aer oliie, &4 • on the recent discoveries 



of planets. 90, 91 ; observed the cornel 

 of 1843, at New Bedford, Massachusetts, 

 in bright sunshine, 101 ; on meteoric 

 stones, 111 ; on a MS., said to be in the 

 library of Christ's College, Cambridge, 

 124 ; on the term " salses," 161 ; on Hol- 

 berg's satire, " Travels in the World 

 under Ground," 171 ; on the Aurora Bo- 

 realis of Oct. 24, 1847, 194, 195, 199 ; on 

 the electricity of the atmosphere dur- 

 ing the Aurora, 200 ; on volcanic phe- 

 nomena, 203, 204 ; description of the 

 seismometer, 205; on the great earth- 

 quake of Lisbon, 210 ; impression made 

 on the natis'es and foreigners by earth- 

 quakes in Peru, 215; earthquakes at 

 Lima, 216, 217 ; on the gaseous com- 

 pounds of sulphur, 217, 218; on the 

 Lake of Laach, its craters, 218 ; on the 

 emissions of intlammable gas in the dis- 

 trict of Phaselis, 223 ; on true volcanoes 

 as distinguished from salses. 224 ; on 

 the volcano of Pichincha, 228 ; on the 

 hornitos de Jorullo, as seen by Hum- 

 boldt, 230 ; general rule on the dimen 

 sions of craters, 230 ; on the ejection of 

 fish from the volcano of Imbaburu, 233 ; 

 on the little isle of Volcano, 234 ; vol- 

 canic steam of Pantellaria, 235; on Dau- 

 beney's work "On Volcanoes," 236 ; ac- 

 count of the island of Santorino, 241 ; 

 of the island named Sabrina, 242 ; on 

 the vicinity of extinct volcanoes to the 

 sea, 244 ; meaning of the Chinese term 

 " li," 245 ; on mineral metamorphism, 

 248 ; on fossil human remains found iu 

 Guadaioupe, 250 ; on minerals artificial- 

 ly produced, 267, 268 ; fossil organic 

 structures, 271, 272 ; on Coprolites, 271 ; 

 geognostic distribution of fossils, 276 ; 

 fossil fauna of the Sewalik Hills, 278 ; 

 thickness of coal measures, 281 ; on the 

 amber pine forests of the Baltic, 283, 

 284; elevation of mountain chains, 286, 

 2S7 ; the dinornis of Owen, 287 ; depth 

 of the atmosphere, 302 ; richness of or- 

 ganic life in the ocean, .309 ; on fila- 

 ments of plants resembling the sperma- 

 tozoa of animals, 341 ; on the Diatoma- 

 cesd found in the South Arctic Ocean, 

 343 ; on the distribution of the floras 

 and faunas of the British Isles. 348, .349 ; 

 on the origin and diftusion of the Brit- 

 ish flora, 353, 354. 



Translatory motion of the solar system, 

 145-150. 



Trogus, Pompeius, on the supposed ne- 

 cessity that volcanoes were dependent 

 on their vicinity to the sea for their con- 

 tinuance, 243, 244 ; views of the an- 

 cients on spontaneous generation, 346. 



Tropical latitudes, their advantages for 

 the contemplation of nature, 33 ; pow- 

 erful impressions from their organic 

 richness and fertility, 34; facilities they 

 present for a knowledge of the laws of 

 nature, 35; transparency of the atmos- 

 phere, 114; phosphorescence of the sea 

 202. 



Tschudi, Dr., extract from his " Ttaveli 



