INTEllRELATION OF FORMS AND FUNCTIONS. 1 9 



these efforts on the part of the dualistic school to meet them 

 by simple denial or utter silence. They are indeed 

 extremely distasteful to that school, and are totally 

 irreconcilable with their teleological cosmology. We must 

 therefore take especial care to place them in their true light. 

 We are entirely of the opinion of Huxley, who, in his able 

 '' Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature," says that these 

 facts, " though ignored by many of the professed instructors 

 of the public mind, are easy of demonstration, and are 

 universally agreed to by men of science; while their 

 significance is so great, that whoso has deeply pondered 

 over them will, I think, find little to startle him in the 

 other revelations of Biology." 



Although our chief inquiry is primarily directed to the 

 history of the evolution of the bodily form of Man and of 

 his organs, and to their external and internal structural 

 relations, I must here at once observe that the history of 

 the evolution of the functions is inseparably connected with 

 this. Everywhere in Anthropology, just as in Zoology, of 

 which the former is but a part, and throughout the whole 

 field of Biology, these two branches of research are thus 

 inseparably connected. The peculiar form of the organism 

 and its organs, both internal and external, is always closely 

 related to the peculiar manifestations of life, of the organism 

 and its organs, or, in other words, to the physiological func- 

 tions performed by these. This intimate relation between 

 form and function is also shown in the evolution of the organ- 

 ism and its various parts. The history of the evolution of 

 forms, which primarily occupies us, is at the same time the 

 history of the evolution of functions ; and this is equally 

 true of the human and of all other ororanisuis. 



