nations agreed to take certain actions to achieve these 

 objectives, including the adoption of "appropriate measures 

 for the protection of migratory birds of economic or esthetic 

 value or to prevent the threatened extinction of any given 

 species." The Convention was signed by the United States 

 October 12, 1940, and ratified April 15, 1941. United States 

 ratification documents deposited with the Pan American 

 Union, Washington, D.C., April 28, 1941. Implementing 

 legislation for the United States was achieved by enactment 

 of Public Law 93-205, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 

 (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543; 87 Stat. 884), section 8(e) of which 

 directs the President to designate the agencies "which shall 

 act on behalf of and represent the United States in all 

 regards as required by the Convention", and accomplished 

 by Executive Order 11911, April 13, 1976. 



Convention on Wetlands of International Impor- 

 tance Especially as Waterfowl Habitats (I. L.M. 11:963- 

 976, September 1972). — This Convention, commonly re- 

 ferred to as the Ramsar Convention, was adopted in 

 Ramsar, Iran, February 3, 1971, and opened for signature at 

 UNESCO headquarters, July 12, 1972. The Convention 

 entered into force after the required signatures of seven 

 countries, December 21, 1975. The United States is not a 

 party to this Convention (as of December 1976). The 

 Convention includes criteria for designating wetlands and 

 places emphasis on wetlands of high importance to water- 

 fowl. 



Cooperative Research and Training Units Act (16 



U.S.C. 753a-753b; 74 Stat. 733).— Public Law 86-686 of 

 September 2, 1960, authorizes theSecretary of the Interior to 

 enter into cooperative agreements with colleges and 

 universities. State fish and game agencies, and nonprofit 

 organizations for the purpose of developing adequate, 

 coordinated cooperative research and training programs for 

 fish and wildlife resources. As of October 1, 1976, there were 

 20 cooperative wildlife units and 25 cooperative fishery units 

 operated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at 26 colleges 

 and universities throughout the country. 



Criminal Code Provisions Relating to Fish and 

 Wildlife— See Lacey Act of 1900 . . . Criminal Code 

 Provisions; See also Refuge Trespass Act 



Denmark-United States Agreement on Conserva- 

 tion of Atlantic Salmon — See Agreement between the 

 United States and Denmark Relating to Conservation of 

 Atlantic Salmon 



Department of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1651- 

 1659, and other U.S.C. titles; 80 Stat. 931), as amended. 

 —Section 4 of Public Law 89-670, October 15, 1966 (49 

 U.S.C. 1653(f); 82 Stat. 824), provides for maintenance of 

 natural beauty on lands traversed by highway projects and 

 for preservation of wildlife refuges through consultation 

 with Secretary of the Interior. 



Detail Personnel and Loan Equipment Act of May 

 10, 1974 (16 U.S.C. 743a; 88 Stat. 124).— Public Law93-280 

 repealed the Act of March 3, 1885 (16 U.S.C. 743; 23 Stat. 

 494), entitled "Propagation of Food Fishes" and authorized 

 the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, the 

 Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, the 

 Department of the Air Force, the AEC (now ERDA) and 

 NASA to detail to the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

 Service commissioned and enlisted personnel and civilian 



personnel for assistance in Service activities. Authorizes 

 such departments to loan equipment to the Service. An 

 annual report concerning the utilization of such personnel, 

 equipment and costs, if any, is to be submitted by the Service 

 to the Congress at the end of each fiscal year. 



Dingell-Johnson Act— See Federal Aid in Fish Restora- 

 tion Act 



Duck Stamp Act^See Migratory Bird Hunting and 

 Conservation Stamp Act 



Eagle Protection— See Bald Eagle Act of 1940 



EndangeredSpeciesActofl973(16U.S.C. 1531-1543; 



87 Stat. 884), as amended.— Public Law 93-205, approved 

 December 28, 1973, repealed the Endangered Species 

 Conservation Act of December 5, 1969, Public Law 91-135 

 (83 Stat. 275) which had amended the Endangered Species 

 Preservation Act of October 15, 1966, Public Law 89-669 (80 

 Stat. 926) and implemented the Convention on Internation- 

 al Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 

 (T.I.A.S. 8249) signed by the United States March 3, 1973, 

 and the Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife 

 Preservation in the Western Hemisphere (50 Stat. 1354) 

 signed by the United States October 12, 1940. The 1973 

 Endangered Species Act provides for the conservation of 

 threatened and endangered species of fish, wildlife and 

 plants by Federal action and by encouraging the establish- 

 ment of State programs. Specific provisions include: 

 authorizes the determination and listing of endangered and 

 threatened species and the range in which such condition 

 exists; prohibits unauthorized taking, possession, sale, 

 transport, etc., of endangered species; authorizes an 

 expanded program of habitat acquisition; authorizes the 

 establishment of cooperative agreements and grant-in-aid 

 to those States which establish and maintain an active and 

 adequate program for endangered and threatened species; 

 authorizes the assessment of civil and criminal penalties for 

 violating the Act or regulations. Public Law 94-325, 

 approved June 30, 1976 (90 Stat. 724), extended and 

 increased the authorization of appropriations in section 15 

 of the 1973 Act; Public Law 94-359, approved July 12, 1976 

 (90 Stat. 911), exempted under certain conditions whale 

 parts and products lawfully held prior to December 28, 1973, 

 from the prohibitions in the Act and provided other 

 amendments to facilitate administrative processes in 

 emergency situations, clarified enforcement procedures, 

 allowed disposal of forfeited and abandoned property and 

 clarified the definition of "commercial activity." 



Environmental Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1531-1536; 

 84 Stat. 1312), as amended.— Public Law 91-516, approved 

 October 30, 1970, as amended by Public Law 93-278, May 10, 

 1974 (88 Stat. 121), expresses Congressional concern for 

 public understanding of the Nation's environment and 

 supports environmental education at various levels. Auth- 

 orizes the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare to 

 cooperate and provide technical assistance and utilize 

 services and personnel of Federal agencies in support of 

 environmental education. Authorizes appropriations to 

 carry out purposes of the Act. 



Estuary Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 1221-1226; 82 Stat. 

 625).— Public Law 90-454, approved August 3, 1968, ex- 

 presses Congressional policy on values of estuaries and 

 need to conserve their natural resources. Authorizes the 



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