resource. The stamp is presently $5. Receipts from the sale of 

 the stamp are set aside in a special Treasury account known 

 as the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund. Funds appro- 

 priated under the Wetlands Loau Act (16 U.S.C. 715k-3-715k- 

 5; 75 Stat. 813), as amended are merged with duck stamp 

 receipts in the fund and appropriated to the Secretary for the 

 acquisition of migratory bird refuges under provisions of the 

 Migratory Bird Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 715 et seq.; 45 

 Stat. 1222), as amended, and since August 1, 1958, Public 

 Law 85-585 (72 Stat. 486), for acquisition of "Waterfowl 

 Production Areas." The Postal Service prints, issues and 

 sells the stamp and is reimbursed for its expenses from 

 money in the fund. Pubhc Law 94-215, approved February 

 17, 1976 (90 Stat. 189), amended the Act to allow among 

 other things the sale of stamps at places other than post 

 offices and authorized "retail dealers." The 1976 amend- 

 ment also changed the name of the stamp from "Migratory 

 Bird Hunting Stamp" to "Migratory Bird Hunting and 

 Conservation Stamp." An annual contest is held by theU.S. 

 Fish and Wildlife Service to select the design of the stamp. 

 As of 1976, duck stamp receipts have amounted to approxi- 

 mately $176 million. 



Migratory BirdTreaty Actof 1918 (16U.S.C. 703-711; 



40 Stat. 755), as amended.— The Act of July 3, 1918, 

 implemented the 1916 Convention between the United 

 States and Great Britain (for Canada) for the Protection of 

 Migratory Birds (39 Stat. 1702) thereby establishing a 

 Federal responsibility for protection of the international 

 migratory bird resource. Amendments June 20, 1936 (49 

 Stat. 1556), implemented the 1936 Convention between the 

 United States of America and the United Mexican States for 

 the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals (50 

 Stat. 131 1), as amended, and June 1, 1974, Public Law 93-300 

 (88 Stat. 190), among other things, implemented the 1973 

 Convention between theGovernmentof theUnitedStatesof 

 America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of 

 Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and 

 their Environment (25 U.S.T. 3329; T.LA.S. 7990), as 

 amended. As amended by Public Law 86-732, September 8, 

 1960 (74 Stat. 866), the Act provides for regulations to 

 control taking, selling, transporting and importing migrato- 

 ry birds, their nests, eggs, parts or products, when such 

 items are included in the terms of any treaty, and provides 

 enforcement authority and penalties for violations. 



Mitchell Act (16 U.S.C. 755-757; 52 Stat. 345), as 

 amended.— This May 11, 1938, Act as amended by theActof 

 August 8, 1946 (60 Stat. 932), authorizes the Secretary of the 

 Interior to carry on activities for conservation of fishery 

 resources in the Columbia River Basin (see also Columbia 

 Basin Project Act). Specifically directs establishment of 

 salmon hatcheries, conduct of engineering and biological 

 surveys and experiments, and installation of fish protective 

 devices. Authorizes agreements with State fishery agencies 

 and construction of facilities on State-owned lands. Under 

 this authority, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service operates 8 

 hatcheries and conducts fish husbandry research. Other 

 Federal activities in the basin under this Act are carried out 

 by the Department of Commerce pursuant to Reorgani- 

 zation Plan No. 4 of 1970 (84 Stat. 2090). 



National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 



U.S.C. 4321-4347; 83 Stat. 852).— Public Law 91-190, 

 approved January 1, 1970, requires all Federal agencies to 

 consult with each other and to employ systematic and inter- 

 disciplinary techniques in planning and decisionmaking. It 



also requires them to include in "every recommendation or 

 report on proposals for legislation or other major Federal 

 actions significantly affecting the quality of the human 

 environment a detailed statement . . . on — (i) the environ- 

 mental impact of the proposed action, (ii) any adverse 

 environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the 

 proposal be implemented, (iii) alternatives to the proposed 

 action, (iv) the relationship between local short term uses 

 and . . . enhancement of long term productivity and (v) any 

 irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources . . . 

 involved ... in the proposed action." Such environmental 

 impact statements are required to be available to the public 

 and other agencies. The Act also established the Council on 

 Environmental Quality. 



National Fish Hatchery Acts.— Authority for con- 

 struction, operation and maintenance of fish hatcheries by 

 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is contained in a variety of 

 specific and general statutes. Many of the older facilities 

 were authorized by appropriation Acts, others as mitigation 

 at water resource development projects and still others by 

 special Acts of Congress. As of September 1976 there were 94 

 national fish hatcheries under U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

 Service administration, some of which were authorized 

 under the following statutes: 



• BankheadJones Farm Tenant Act (7 U.S.C. 1000 et 

 seq. ; 50 Stat. 522), as amended.— Welaka, Florida (1938) 



• Central Valley Project, Sacramento Valley Reclama- 

 tion Act (64 Stat. 1036).— Tehama-Colusa, California 

 (1967). 



• C olorado River Storage Project Act(43U.S.C. 620-620o ; 

 70 Stat. 105), as amended.— Hotchkiss, Colorado 

 (1967); Jones Hole, Utah (1968). 



• Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-742j; 70 

 Stat. 1119), as amended.— General authority under 

 which over 10 hatcheries established. 



• Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (16 U.S.C. 661- 

 666c; 48 Stat. 401), as amended. — General authority for 

 many hatcheries at water resource development proj- 

 ects. 



• Mitchell Act (16 U.S.C. 755-757; 52 Stat. 345), as 

 amended.— Abernathy, Washington (1957); Eagle 

 Creek, Oregon (1953); Entiat, Washington (1940); 

 Kooskia, Idaho (1970); Leavenworth, Washington 

 (1938); Warm Springs, Oregon (1974); Willard, Wash- 

 ington (1951); Winthrop, Washington (1940). 



• National Industrial Recovery Act (48 Stat. 

 195).— McKinney Lake, North Carolina (1937). 



• PalisadesDam andReservoirProject, Idaho, Reauthor- 

 ization Act of September 30, 1950 (64 Stat. 1083).— Jack- 

 son, Wyoming (1957). 



• River and Harbor Act of 1962 (76 Stat. 1173).— Dwor- 

 shak, Idaho (1969). 



• Special Acts: May 21, 1930 (46 Stat. 371).— Omnibus 

 authorization for some 18 fish culture stations (hatcher- 

 ies); July 31, 1939, and December 13, 1944 (16 U.S.C. 

 161c-161d; 53 Stat. 1142, 58 Stat. 801).— Creston, 

 Montana (1944); August 18, 1948 (63 Stat. 

 615).— Millen, Georgia (1950), Pendills Creek, Michi- 

 gan (1950); July 18, 1950 (16 U.S.C. 760-760-1 ; 64 Stat 

 343).— Frankfort, Kentucky (1952); June 4, 1956 (16 

 U.S.C. 760-2; 70 Stat. 247).-Miles City, Montana 

 (1957); June 18, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 760-3; 70 Stat 

 292).— Pisgah Forest, North Carolina (1957); August 1, 

 1956 (16 U.S.C. 760-4; 34 Stat 721, 70Stat 897).— Pitts- 

 ford, Vermont (1909); August 3, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 760-5- 

 760-6; 70 Stat 1020).— Paint Bank, West Virginia 



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