206 FRANK C. GATES 



consoeies, and Trenia, Cordia, and Pithecotobium dulce are each 

 dominant in small tree consocies. As development of patches 

 of shrubs goes on, the consocial lines become obliterated and a 

 heterogeneous mixture, which may be termed General Parang is 

 brought about. Into this, species of the Low Altitude Tree 

 Formation readily invade. The only association so far evident 

 is the Bambusa-Parkia Association, an association of trees, such 

 as, Albizzia procera, Oroxylum indicum, Wrightia laniti, Eugenia 

 jambolana, Sterculia foetida, Erythrina indica, Mallotus moluc- 

 canus, and Ficus hauili, together with the tree-like grass, Bambusa 

 blumeana. 



The Dipterocarp Association, the climax association for this 

 general region is not even indicated. Its appearance on Taal 

 Volcano, even after many years, is rather doubtful. 



The weeds on the volcano may be grouped into a weed asso- 

 ciation, as yet of relatively little importance. The same is true 

 of cultivated plants, of which a few plants remain from former 

 cultivation and others have been reintroduced. As the island is 

 uninhabited by law, few are to be expected. 



No mention of mosses and lichens has been made in connection 

 with the development of the vegetation because their appear- 

 ance was subsequent to the appearance of higher plants. In the 

 revegetation of Krakatoa, ferns were of considerable impor- 

 tance, but in the revegetation of Taal, ferns are a very minor 

 element, due to the low altitude of the volcano, the exceeding 

 dryness of the island, and the paucity of ferns on the neigh- 

 boring mainland. Taal agrees with Krakatoa in that species 

 distributed by water and wind appeared before species distrib- 

 uted by birds. On account of the much shorter distances (3.2 

 to 13 km.) involved in the case of Taal Volcano, revegetation was 

 accomplished in a much shorter time. 



With the addition of the following eight species, representing 

 six additional genera and four additional families, to the pre- 

 viously recorded list,^ the flora of Taal Volcano is brought up 

 to March, 1915. By Polygonum tomentosum, the family Poly- 

 gonaceae became represented ; by Otophora fruticosa, the Sapin- 



2 Loc. cit., 422-430. 



