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illustrates the potential for serious accidents in these 

 reactors. The explosion scattered radioactive material onshore 

 and into the bay, which reportedly was only haphazardly and 

 incompletely cleaned up. In addition, comments by former Soviet 

 navy personnel and two well-publicized sinkings of Soviet 

 submarines since 1986 illustrate the danger fire and accidents 

 pose to CIS submarine reactors. The large number and advancing 

 age of these reactors will increase safety risks, particularly as 

 the CIS begins to dismantle many of the vessels. 



Deliberate dVimping of radioactive waste materials into 

 Arctic waters, or improper land-based storage is another source 

 of radiological pollution. The USSR dumped substantial 

 quantities of radioactive waste in Arctic waters, including the 

 three damaged original nuclear reactors of the icebreaker Lenin, 

 and reportedly reactors from several svibmarines— including some 

 with nuclear fuel aboard. Radioactive wastes, mostly from naval 

 reactors, also are buried on Arctic shores. Only Soviet records, 

 if any, or detailed scientific surveys can determine the amoiint, 

 type, and potential hazards from the material which has been 

 dumped. I expect that we will learn mora about these and other 

 concerns in light of the new scientific cooperation, such as the 



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