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Some 80 submarines are awaiting disposal, and another 80 nuclear submarines are likely to be 



retired in the next few years, meaning some 300 submarine nuclear reactors will have to be 



disposed of ( Greenpeace ) 



CIS admirals seeks US support to destroy 79 nuclear submarines. Most of the submarines are 



anchored at sea - a situation that could lead to corrosion and pipe breaks in the system that cool the 



ships" nuclear reactOR ( Admiral Mahonin, in WSJ 3/27/92 ) 



Since 1957 about 120 atomic bombs are detonated on Novaya Zemlya., 86 bombs in the 



atmosphere, 3 under water in the Barents Sea, 5 in the air over the Barents Sea and the rest 



underground on Novaya Zemlya. Detonations of nuclear bombs will be resumed in October 1992 



if USA continues their nuclear testing in the Nevada Desert. Novaya Zemlya is now the only 



nuclear testing ground in CIS after the closure of Semipalatinsk, which was closed due to strong 



protests from local residents ( Bellona infomiation ) 



USSR has detonated 1 15 "civilian" nuclear bombs in connection with geological activities. In 1972 



and in 1984 two bombs were detonated in a mine in Kola to increase the production of ore 



(Bellona) 



USSR exploded approximately 130 "peaceful" nuclear detonations to build dams, mines, and 



underground storage of toxic wastes ( A. Yablokov, Environmental Advisor to Yeltsin ) 



Nuclear bombs have been used to destroy toxic wastes on Novaya Zemlya,and is now being 



advertised by a Russian company as an efficient way of disposing of extremely toxic wastes 



( Bellona ) 



The power plant at Poljamy Zory with its 4 reactors is one of the most dangerous plants in the 



world. During 1987-91 they had 8 minor accidents and one of them leaked an unknown quantity of 



nuclear pollution ( Bellona) 



Nuclear wastes from hospitals and industry is being stored at the Ura lake wrapped in plastic and 



put into concrete containers of bad quality (Bellona / enviromentalist Lena Vasiljeva, Mumiansk) 



Murmansk Shipping Company have 6 nuclear icebreakers and one container ship based in 



Murmansk. Nuclear wastes are being stored on 5 vessels for 1-3 years before the wastes are sent to 



Tsjelabinsk in Siberia. Security routines are severely criticized. ( Bellona ) 



The Mayak plants are the military and industrial nuclear works in Siberia some 50 miles north of 



Tsjeliabinsk, and the nucleus of Soviet nuclear production since 1948. " Mayak represents a 



problem 100 times that of the Tsjemobyl " ( A. Penyagin, chairman of the committe for nuclear 



ecology of the Supreme Soviet ) . Nuclear wastes were dumped into the river Techa which is 



running north and flows into arctic waters. In Metlymo, a small town down the river, the 



population was not informed and used the containated water till the whole town was evacuated in 



1958. Then the small lake Karachay was used for dumping of neuclear wastes. This lake is the 



most contaminated place on earth, one hour at the shores of it represents a deadly dose of nuclear 



radiation. Two major accidents in the area : that of Kysthym in 1957 releasing nuclear material of 



2.1 mill, curie and forming a radioaktive cloud drifting some 300 km to the northeast. About 



10.000 people were evacuated ( too few and too late ), all vegetation killed within an area of 5 



square kilometers, compared to Tsjemobyl more than 100 times of cecium 137 and 500 times njore 



of strontium 90 were released. The other accident occured in 1967 as a radioactive dust drift from 



the lake Karachy, area affected similiar to that of Kysthym and about 430 000 people were 



affected. About 5 mill, curie were released ( Bellona ) 



