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The extensive pollution building up throughout the arctic atnioq)here is caused by the lowered rates 

 of atmospheric cleansing. In a way, the arctic atmosphere is like a stagnant pond of water, 

 possessing very litde turbulence. There are also lowered rates of removal by precipitation and 

 clouds, both of which are ^arse in the Arctic. This science concept is illustrated in the cartoon in 

 Figure 3. 



ARCTIC HAZE 



NORMAL MID LATITUDE 

 AIR POLLUTION 



slow drlzzl9 In 



output tap 

 noarly closod off 



tap opanad wida 



Figure 3. lUtamuioH of how pollution builds up in the Arctic became the "output tap" is nearly 

 closed off. 



Research programs conducted by our university and other organizations over the last twenty years 

 have identified chemical fingerprints of specific pollution sources in the former Soviet Union. For 

 example, fumes from the large copper-nickel mining and smelting complex at Norilsk on the 

 Taymhr Peninsula (the satellite photo in the figure) have been detected at Bairow. 



