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I. Introduction! Qr»wio»ac« and th« Huclea r Frmm Smmt Caaoiiffn 



First, I would Ilk* to thank th« Coaaltt«« for thi« opportunity to 

 tvttify on the iaportant aattvr of radioactiva thratta to tha Arctic. 

 Oraanpaaca, aa you aay know, ia a larga intarnational anvironaantal and paaca 

 organization with toaa four ail lion aaabars in ovar 100 countriai around tha 

 world. Ua hava baan activa for twanty yaars on anvironaantal and nuclaar 

 diaaraaaant iituaa, and hava officai throughout North and South Aaarica, 

 Europa including Ruaaia and Ukraina, and tha Pacific. 



<It aay ba of intaraat to tha Sanator and raaidanta of Alaaka to know 

 that Oraanpaaca'a origins lia in attaapta by Vancouvar activists to stop U.S. 

 plans to taat nuclaar waapona on Aachitka in tha Alautian Islands in tha aarly 

 1970s. ) 



Ona of oiir aajor concarns is nuclaar waapona and ailitary and civil 

 nuclaar-powar planta. Ua opposa thia tachnology and aaak Ita avantual 

 alialnation for a variaty of iaportant raaaonai tha anvironaantal dangars 

 posad by nuclaar accidants, tha vaxing nuclaar wasta problaa, tha aconoaic 

 coatit, tha possibility of nuclaar war, and tha antidaaocratic sacracy that 

 surrounds nuclaar tachnology. Just as significant to our parspactiva is that 

 •ora raasonabla and safar altarnativas to solving dlsputas batwaan nations and 

 addrasslng tha world's anargy naads SMlst or could ba raadlly davalopad. 



Sinca July 1987, tha Oraanpaaca Nuclaar Fraa Saas Caapaign has baan 

 actlvaly saaklng tha alialnation of nuclaar waapona and raactors at saa. Tha 

 nuclaar aras raca at saa was larga, dynaalc and dangarous. Nuclaar waapons 

 first want to saa aboard U.S. aircraft carrlars In tha aarly i9S0s. By tha 

 lata 1960s, soaa ona fourth to ona third of tha world's alaost 50,000 nuclaar 

 waapons wara avallabla to tha naval forcas In tha U.S., Soviat, British, 

 Franch and Chinas* navlaa. Tha first nuclaar-powarad vassal, tha subaarlna 

 U88 Nautllua, was coMlsslonad in 1954. By tha lata 1980s, Just ovar half of 

 tha alaoat 1,000 nuclaar raactors in tha world wara naval nuclaar raactors 

 priaarlly on tha subaarlna* of tha Sovlvt, U.S., British, Franch and Chinasa 

 flaat. Naw nuclaar waapons and nuclaar-powarad v*ss*ls w«r* *nt«ring th* 

 fl**ts or w*r* planned. 



At th* tla* our caapaign startad thara was consldarabla concarn aaong 

 analysts that th* U.S. Navy's aggrasslv* llarltlM Stratagy would hava 

 aggravated an U.S. -Soviat crisis into war. And, if it had dona so, a nuclaar 

 war could hav* start*d at saa rathar than on land. Ua war* also worriad that 

 paacatia* naval op*ratlons posad a sarious *nviron**ntal thraat. In on* our 

 Naptuna Papar reports. Naval Accidants 1948-1988 (Oraanpaaca/Instituta for 

 Policy Studlas, Jun* i989>, w* found that soaa fifty nuclaar warhaads and 

 eight subaarlna nuclaar reactors, the aajority Soviat and th* r*st froa the , 

 United States, had been lost or duapad at sea due to ailitary accidents. 



Ua hava had soaa successes in achieving our goals. Ua found it 

 significant that President Bush in his Septeabar 1991 post-coup atteapt speech 

 involving nuclear waapons reductions proposed to reaove all tactical naval 

 nuclear weapons froa U.S. surface ships and subaarines, and eliainate part of 

 thea. This was a aajor reversal in policy, as previously the United States 



