435 



•notlwr fifty subaarln** will b* takan out of %*rvicm in tho noKt oight /oar*. 

 Reactor coopartacnts ar* currmntly boing ro«ov«d froa th« subaarin** at tho 

 Pugat 8<iund Naval Shipyard, and than baing bargad to tha Hanford Huclaar 

 Ratarvation for shallow burial. 8oaa twanty raacto'iT coapartaantt hava alraatfy 

 baan aovad to Hanford. 



Thia prograa is axpansiva. A July 1992 OAO raport "Nuclaar Subaarinasi 

 Navy Efforts to Raduca Inactivation Costs," astiaatad tha total cost for 

 inactivating 100 subaarinas and coaplataly disposing of 65 would ba soaa t2.7 

 billion through tha yaar 2000. This figura doas not raflact tha full cost of 

 dacoaaissioning nuclaar subaarinas. It aMcludas tha costs of transporting and 

 storing tha spant fual of tha raactors at tha Dapartaant of Enargy's axpandad 

 fual facility in Idaho. 



Discussing Russian subaarina problaas will raisa tha quastions in tha 

 Unitad Statas about tha cost of tha U.S. dacoaaissioning prograa. Dua to tha 

 fiscal crisis, tha problaaatic futura of tha U.S. nuclaar-powarad subaarina 

 prograa, and tha dabata ovar ordaring tha naxt nuclaar-powarad aircraft 

 carriar, tha U.S. Navy apparently wants to avoid having nuclaar 

 dacoitaissioning costs and wasta disposal problaas factored in to tha "trua" 

 cost of purchasing and operating nuclaar-powarad subaarinas and surface ships. 

 Although tha dacoaaissioning cost par sub aay appear saall, it aust ba 

 nm**b9r9i in this period of declining defense budgets that the total cost of 

 the prograa approxiaataly equals the purchase price of one new Seawolf 

 subaarina. 



As for the other issues raised above, clearly the best way to stop 

 Russian nuclear testing, is to stop U.S. testing. \t9 are heartened that tha 

 recent votes in the House and Senate show that the Congress is beginning to 

 take a leadership position on this issue. Ue are working to insure that the 

 House-Senate conference will strengthen rather than weaken the eMisting bills' 

 provisions, so that a peraanant cessation of nuclear testing can occur within 

 the year. Certainly in teres of the U.S. national interest in curtailing 

 nuclear proliferation, winding down the superpower nuclear aras race, and 

 buttressing the aore liberal forces in Russia, tha tiae aora than ever has 

 coae to stop nuclear testing. 



As for the civil nuclear prograa in Russia, aid aonay provided by the 

 U.S. and th* wast has to go to alternative energy sources and energy 

 efficiency prograas. Tha Uast is going to be throwing good aonay after bad if 

 tha West continues to support an ongoing Russian nuclear prograa. Alto, than 

 wa and tha eitixans of the foraar Soviet Union will continue to live with the 

 threat of another Chernobyl. 



Lastly, I want to say an overarching problea hara is not tha 

 environaent, but secrecy. Tha activities that we have discussed today 

 occurred in conditions of utaost secrecy in the Soviet Union. Conversely, 

 aost events were only learned about in the West through secret aethods, and 

 ware not aada known to the public. As a result of this secrecy, dangerous 

 practices were adopted in the past, and now wa are suddenly confronted by 

 their deadly legacy. Secrecy has been part of the problea. Tha sooner it is 

 dispelled on all sides, the sooner we all will be better off. 



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