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export of bulk commodities such as lumber and grain products, some 

 primary metal refining, and shipbuilding. 



Many other activities compete for locations in the estuary zone, 

 drawn by the inflow of raw materials, by extensive markets, or by 

 the availability of transportation networks in significant protions 

 of the zone. Examples of secondary activities which are located 1n 

 the estuarine zone are pulp and paper mills, fossil or nuclear power 

 plants — where location must be balanced with the distance to con- 

 sumers of energy — chemical and food processors, and primary metals 

 refineries. 



Despite the fact that the estuarine environment supplies relatively 

 unique resources which attract many primary and secondary activities, 

 the greater part of economic activity, particularly in the relatively 

 mature economies of the Northeast, Middle Atlantic and West coasts, 

 is not directly dependent on the natural resources of the estuarine 

 environment. The service sectors of the economy dominate most of 

 these marginal activities and range from garbage collection to con- 

 struction of office buildings. Many other marginal activities are 

 drawn to the land-water interface for aesthetic reasons, such as 

 restaurants, hotels and specialty shops. The resulting mix of 

 many economic activities, with significant variations in proportional 

 make-up of primary, secondary and marginal activity, characterize 



