IV-310 



Table IV. 4. 5 shows the significance of transportation and its con- 

 comitant, wholesale trade, for the Houston-Galveston Bay area for the 

 years 1956 and 1967. The Port of Houston is served by six trunkllne 

 railroads, 38 motor freight carriers, 8 barge lines, 11 export packers, 

 35 freight forwarders, 19 stevedoring companies, and a large number of 

 marine outfitters and ship chandlers. More than 100 steamship lines 

 offer service to all free-world ports. Future demand for all types of 

 transportation 1s expected to increase as the population grows and 

 Industry expands. 



The San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission has done 

 an excellent case study of the transportation pressures being exercised 

 1n its estuarine area. San Francisco was founded as a port city, and 

 shipping 1s still of primary importance to the entire economy of the 

 Bay area. In addition to the economic impact of the shipDing industry 

 itself, there are many other businesses and industries that have been 

 drawn to the region because of the availability of water transport. 

 In 1965, Checchi and Company estimated that 50,000 jobs were attribut- 

 able to general-cargo shipping and Industries dependent on shipping. 

 This represented a payroll of about $820 million. 



By tonnage, the principal cargo passing through the San Francisco Bay 

 is petroleum. This tonnage 1s expected to increase significantly in 

 the future, and bring with it deep draft tankers with drafts as much 

 as 60 feet. At this time, however, there are no reliable estimates of 

 the impact of this future increase in San Francisco port traffic, nor 



