IV-320 



and little exDansion is anticipated, at least within the estuarine 

 area. Relatively little modification of the estuarine environment 

 results from these activities. 



In review, the future of mining 1n the estuarine zone and near coastal 

 waters will center on two categories of minerals that may give rise 

 to serious and increasing pressures on that environment: petroleum, 

 gas and sulphur, and sand, gravel, and shell. Improved management 

 of estuarine resources must take these primary and the associated 

 secondary and marginal activities into account in any rational scheme 

 to balance and optimize the values of the Nation's coastal resources. 



OUTDOOR RECREATION 



Historical Trends 



Outdoor recreation awareness has existed since the establishment of 

 the first communities 1n the United States with their typical commons 

 and public parks. Parks and their value to an urban society were re- 

 emphasized by the great city planning movement of the latter decades of 

 the 19th century. This revival was accompanied by an awareness on the 

 part of urban scholars that natural resources were not inexhaustible 

 and should receive a measure of protection. The effect, of course, 

 was the establishment of the national park and national forest systems 

 largely centered in the western States and areas of very light popula- 

 tion. The advent of the state park movement in the 1920' s was augmented 

 by a variety of national initiatives during the 1930's which tended to 

 establish some balance in the distribution of land areas managed by 



