IV-549 



These estimates do not show the impact of commercial naviqation on 

 land transportation, shoreline development, or the manufacturinq 

 industries. Without the deep, safe harbors commercial naviqation 

 could not exist on a large scale, and without commercial navigation 

 the great cities around these harbors would not have developed. 



Deep-water harbors are essential elements of the national defense 

 system. Furthermore, the location of these deep-water ports has 

 influenced the location of other defense installations as well as 

 the industrial complexes necessary for the logistical support of the 

 defense effort. 



The cost of the national defense effort in the estuarine zone for 

 1967 is estimated at about $900 million, exclusive of pay and allow- 

 ances for shore-based Navy and Marine Corps personnel. The economic 

 impact'of national defense activity overlaps into all other estuarine 

 zone uses because of the massive payrolls associated with it. This 

 impact is centered in the areas with major defense installations. 



Waste Disposal 



The waters of the estuarine zone have received wastes from the people 

 and industries on their shores ever since the first cities were 

 founded. The economic benefit in the use of estuarine waters for 

 waste disposal has been fully utilized by nearly all industries and 

 communities in the estuarine zone, and only the tremendous capacity 

 of estuarine waters to absorb and remove waste materials has kept 



