BT W. N. BENSON, W. S. DUN^ AND W. R. BROWNE. 287 



(2), pp. 264-272, PI. xx., fig. 4.] Studies iu the southern regiou by Professor 

 David and Mr. Sussmilch (4) have shown that there also the Carboniferous is 

 divisible into a lower marine portion, which, as pointed out by the writer (1, p. 

 504), is to be correlated with the Burindi Series, and an upper portion of con- 

 glomerates, tuffs and other volcanic rocks and glacial formations. As this por- 

 tion is so much more extensive and varied in the Southern district than in the 

 Northern, tlie name Rocky Creek Series was clearly not sufficiently inclusive, and 

 the term "Kuttung Series" was adopted to cover all those formations that lie 

 between the top of the Burindi and the base of Permo-Carboniferous Beds. The 

 term Rocky Creek Series, if it be retained, must, then, be considered as indicat- 

 ing a local development of the Kuttung Series, and the latter term will be em- 

 ployed herein iu its original significance. The possibility of correlation of por- 

 tions of the Kuttung Series in different localities, e.g., the Rocky Creek and Wal- 

 larobba conglomerates, or the several horizons of "Varve Rock" can be determined 

 only after much more extensive work than has yet been undertaken. 



If we trace the development of the Carboniferous rocks southwards from the 

 Gwydir, the following is the outline of the structures observed. The syncline, 

 which seems to be broken by strike faulting, is seen to form the northern spur of 

 the Nandewar Ranges, west of Horton River. It is intersected liy Rocky Creek, 

 and extends beyond the head of the Manilla River. It is the most marked of 

 several }iarallel synclines, the axes of which undulate southward from the head 

 of the Manilla River. The fold axis seems to have been warped upwards, and 

 the Kuttung sediments have been removed for some miles {see text-fig. 1). The 

 rocks outcrojiping at the surface are the underlying Burindi beds, and those near 

 Rangira have been hastily examined by Mr. Pittman (5) who obtained therefrom 

 specimens of Bhynchonella and Cyrtuceras. In the Parish of Tulcumbah, Mr. 

 Porter collected oolitic limestone which has been examined by Mr. F. Cliaiiuian 

 (see below). The Kuttung rocks appear again, however, where this synclinul 

 zone crosses the \amoi River, striking S. 35° E., as noted by Pittman (6) and 

 Andrews (7) . At Keepit, the syncline is Ijroken by a strike-fault throwing down 

 to the west (6), and this faulted structure has also been recognised by Messrs. 

 Cotton and Walkom (8) at Carroll Gap, two miles to the south of the river, 

 •where Burindi rocks only occur. Eight miles in a south-easterly direction from 

 here, the low ridges rise up to form the northern extremity of the Peel Range. 

 According to the writer's hurried observations, this range here consists of the 

 eastern limb of the syncline of Kuttung rocks, the eastern lieing Iiere tlie down- 

 thrown side of the fault. The underlying, richly fossiliferous Burindi rocks 

 forming the trough and western limb of the syncline make the foothills to the Peel 

 Range and extend for several miles on either side of it. From this point, the axis 

 of the syncline pitches steadily to the south, and the Kuttung rocks on either 

 limb of the syncline make up the Peel Range, which, for some distance, consists 

 of two series of opposed, slightly divergent, dip-ridges or cuestas. 



A digTession must here be made to point out the great interest of the region 

 just described, which, unless its geology is unduly obscured by the recent alluvial 

 deposits noted bv Cotton and Walkom (8), is likely to be of very great im- 

 portance in the study of the Burindi rocks of this State. The first examination of 

 the region was made by Sir T. L. Mitchell in 1831 (9. pp. 38, 30). The lii^- 

 torie interest of the early work on this region makes full quotation desirable : 



"We met with a rather singular formation of little hills formed l)y pro- 

 jecting strata, the strike extending in a direction of N. 30 W., and the dip being 



