APPENDIX V 399 



of cranberry (Myrtillus uliginosa and Vaccinium viii- 

 sidoea) neither fruiting except in unusually favorable 

 seasons, grow in the area, though the latter is rare. 

 The curlew-berry (Empetrum nigrum) blooms on sunny 

 heaths in some deep fjords, but rarely sets fruit. 



The trees and shrubs, if they may be called such, are 

 generally found on the Arctic heaths, where they asso- 

 ciate with other plants partial to warm, sunny slopes. 

 The golden northern arnica (Arnica alpina), so like a 

 diminutive sunflower in its habits and appearance; the 

 woolly catspaw (Antennaria alpina), for all the world 

 resembling its cousins of the Southland; the tiny Arctic 

 bluebell (Campanula uniflora), dainty and gentian blue; 

 the delicate pink-and- white shinleaf (Pyrola rotundifolia) ; 

 and the pretty dark-purple grass (Trisetum spicatum), 

 are conspicuous members of this heath-forming group, 

 of which the creamy white bell-flowered andromeda 

 (Cassiope tetragona) is the characteristic flower. 



The cress family is represented by sixteen species, of 

 which the most are white-flowered; one of the excep- 

 tions is the purple rocket (Hesperis pallasii) fragrant with 

 the odor of wild plum blossoms, the only really fragrant 

 flower about Etah. The rose family is represented by 

 six or seven species; one of them. Dry as integrifoliay is 

 perhaps the commonest flower in all the North, because 

 its starry white blossom is found nearly everywhere and 

 during the whole summer season. The rest of the rose 

 family are the cinquefoils (PotentillcB), of which VahPs 

 (Potentilla vahliana) forms golden carpets on some of 

 the sunnier, drier, morainal slopes. Ten saxifrages find 

 a home in the environs of Etah, and of these the pur- 

 ple saxifrage (Saxifrage oppositifolia) is generally the ear- 

 liest of all the Arctic flowers to open into blossom. As 



