BOTANIC MATERIA MEDICA, 61 
gray color, often depressed in the centre, with 
several circles of woody rings, very irregular 
towards the external part. On breaking, the 
fracture is abrupt and mealy; taste aromatic, 
bitter and mucilaginous. Its active principle is 
termed ca/umbin, which occurs in a white, crys- 
talline body. It contains, also, berberine acid, 
starch and mucilage; officinal PREPARATIONS, 
EXTRACTS, TINCTURE and inrusion. Dose of the 
extracts, 1 to 10 grains; of the fluid extract, 15 
to 30 drops; of the tincture, 1 to 2 fluid drachms; 
of the infusion, 2 to 4 drachms (4 to 16 grams), 
Calumboand its preparations are valued as asim- 
ple tonic, having no other effect on the economy 
than to improve the appetite. Itisalsoused as 
an adjunct to other special tonics, as a diluent. 
Krameria, Rhatany, Krameria Triandra,— 
Natural order Polygalacee, This is a low, pe- 
rennial plant, a native of Peru and Bolivia, found . 
growing on the slopes of the Cordilleras. The 
stem is much branched, and the younger por- 
tions are covered by a delicate pubescence; 
leaves oblong, ovate and pointed; flowers scar- 
let; four petals and four sepals, which are also 
colored. The flowers have three stamens; fruit 
indehiscent, about the size of a cherry stone, 
which is covered by prickles; of a brown color; 
one-celled, with two seed, one seed being abor- 
tive. This is the description given by Stephen 
and Church in their history of the flowers of 
Peru. Krameria root, asit occurs in eommerce, 
is tough, dense and woody, two to four inches 
(5 to ro centimeters) long, and one inch (25 mil- 
limeters), more or less, in diameter. The root 
has many rootlets or radicle branches, twelve 
