BOTANIC MATERIA MEDICA. 127 
purple in color and drooping; the flowers occur 
in racemes; anthers five in number, with one 
pistil; fruit a scarlet berry, ovoidal in shape, 
juicy and about the size of a large pea. The 
young and dried branches of the shrub are the 
parts used in medicine; these are usually hol- 
low, light and cylindrical in-shape, 4% of aninch 
{6 millimeters) thick, and cut in sections of va- 
rious lengths. When examined under a glass of 
sufficient power the twigs present a number of 
woody fibres of a green or yellowish hue, with 
one or more concentric rings, having a central 
pith. The odor is aromatic, taste bitter at first 
and then sweet, hence the name. The dul- 
camara contains war, resin, gum, an amorphous 
alkaloid, and its active principle du/camarin, 
which is said to bea glucoside. Bittersweet has 
been used and is prescribed as an alterative, 
deobstruent and anodyne, and given in form of 
fluid extract and infusion, which are both offici- 
nal. The dose of the former is % to 1 fluid 
drachm (2 to 4 grams), whilst the infusion is 
given in doses of % to 1 fluid ounce (16 to 32 
grams). Bittersweet as found in the stores is” 
in too comminuted a form to identify, being 
usually in compressed packages of one ounce. 
Juniperus, Juniper, Juniperus Virginiana, 
Savin Juniper or Red Cedar.—Natural order 
Coniferae. This evergreen tree is a native of 
the United States, and adorned with small 
flattened leaves which are opposite, somewhat 
awl-shaped and scaly ; flowers dicecious and oc- 
casionally moncecious, very small and infloresce 
in catkins; odor aromatic and balsamic, taste 
bitter, aromatic and balsamic. The leaves and 
