BOTANIC MATERIA MEDICA, 139 
many resin cells interspersed throughout its 
meshes; it contains fannin, a volrtile oil having 
the odor of the bark, fat, coloring matter and an 
alkaloid, cascarilline. Cascariiia is an aromatic 
tonic, and was at one time used as a substitute 
for the cinchone bark. The dose of the powder 
is from ro to 20 grains (rarely given); the in-. 
fusion is the only officinal preparation, the dose 
of which is one fluid ounce. Cascarilla is much 
esteemed by smokers, as it adds a very fine 
flavor to tobacco, 
Cinchona, Cinchona, Peruvian Bark,—Natural 
order Cinchonez, or Rubiacee. A native of 
South America and found growing upon the 
eastern slopes of the Andes Mountains, The. 
most valuable species growing at the height of 
five to eight thousand feet above the level of the 
sea. The non-officinal and inferior varieties are 
found at a much less elevation. The cinchona 
tree is quite extensively cultivated in the moun- 
tains of Java, also in India and some of the West 
India Islands. The tree was introduced into the 
state of California, but its cultivation is doubtful. 
The virtues of the cinchona were first discovered 
about the year 1630. It is recorded that the 
wife of the Viceroy of Peru was cured of a pro- 
longed fever by the use of the cinchona ad- 
ministered by a Jesuit of her acquaintance. In 
compliment to the Viceroy’s wife, the Countess 
Cinchon, the tree was called cinchona; prior and 
even after this, the bark was known as Jesuits’ 
bark and was a secret remedy. As the story 
runs, the Countess was the first individual to in- 
troduce the bark into Europe as a non-secret 
remedy. In the year 1737, La Condamine, a 
