I40 A COMPENDIUM OF : 
scientist, visited Loxa and sent to the Academy 
Royale des Sciences a paper or memoir describ- 
ing a number of the species of the cinchonas. 
Linneus included all the species, without dis- 
tinction under one head, believing few, or only 
one variety existed, and this one, he called cin- 
. chona condaminea after La Condamine. The ~ 
history of the cinchona is not asclearas it might 2 
be; the native names are cascarilla quinquine . 
and quina-quina, The bark was largely used as 
a remedy as early as 1690. There are three 
varieties which are officinal, cinchona Pallida, 
pale cinchona, cinchona condamine, crown, or 
Loxa bark. This last variety of the cinchona is" ¢ 
found growing in the state of Ecuador in the : 
vicinity of Loxa, and upon the highest ranges — 
of the Andes. The tree attains a height of 40 
to 50 feet, having lance or ovate entire leaves, 
smooth and shining with very acute points. The 
flowers are small, tubular and infloresce in corym- 
bose panicles, of a pale rose color; calyx persis- 
tent and five-toothed, stamens five; pistil one, 
and double-headed (bifid). The bark of the 
cinchona pallida occurs in commerce, in single 
or double quills, about % to 3% of an inch (3 to 
20 millimeters) in diameter, whilst the bark 
Proper or epidermis is only about ;!, of an inch 
(2 millimeters) in thickness. Externally it is of 
a brownish gray color, somewhat fissured trans- _ 
_ versely and wrinkled longitudinally. Internally | 
the bark presents a pale brown appearance in- — 
clining to yellow; when broken the fracture 1s 
somewhat fibrous and finely striated. Odor, 
_ Not peculiar; taste bitter and astringent, Cin- — 
chona Flava, Yellow Cinchona, Cinchona Cali- 
