BOTANIC MATERIA MEDICA. 141 
saya. Like the preceding species is found 
growing upon the highest altitudes, and is much 
the noblest tree of all the cinchonas, often two 
feet in diameter at the trunk. The leaves are 
large and somewhat more obovate in shape 
than those of the other species, otherwise iden- 
tical. Flowers perhaps a shade deeper in color, 
but no very marked difference. The bark of - 
the yellow cinchona occurs in flat pieces from 
1-6 to 2-5 of an inch (4 to ro millimeters) thick, 
varying in breadth andlength. The epidermis 
or corky layer of the bark is usually removed 
before it finds its way into the stores; hence the 
pieces are very compact; of a rich brown color 
externally, with many irregular depressions; in- 
ternally it is of a lighter shade; when broken 
the fracture is short and finely fibrous. Odor, 
somewhat aromatic; taste bitter, but by no 
means peculiar; contains more quinine than the 
other varieties of the cinchonas, but the quantity 
is variable. 
Cinchona Rubra, Cinchona Succirubra, Red 
Cinchona. This lofty tree is found on the wes- 
tern slopes of Chimborazo in the state of Ecua- 
dor, two to five thousand feet above the sea 
level. The trunk is erect with very leafy 
branches; leaves opposite and ovate or oval in 
shape and abruptly pointed, not as smooth and 
shining as the aforementioned, but very strongly 
veined. Flowers in paniculated racemes and of 
a handsome pink color, otherwise differing but 
little from the other species of cinchona. The 
bark of the red cinchona occurs in form of flat 
pieces of variable length and width, but from 
¥% to 4 of an inch (3 to 12 millimeters) thick, 
