146 A COMPENDIUM OF 
Euonymus, Wahoo, Enonymus Atropur- 
pureus.—Natural order Celastracez. This pe- 
rennial shrub or tree is found in the northern 
and middle portions of the United States ; It 18 
from 6 to 12 feet high, with opposite elliptical 
ovate and serrated leaflets on long petioles ; 
flowers perfect, dark purple in color and arranged 
in cymes; the flowers have four petals, five sta- 
mens and one pistil; calyx five-parted; capsule 
three to five-valved and colored, and contains 
one to four seeds. The Wahoo is commonly 
known as the spindle tree or burning bush, The 
bark of the root is the part used in medicine and 
occurs in commerce in the form of curved or 
quilled pieces, presenting an ash color with 
black spots externally; the inner surface is of a 
tawny yellow color; in thickness the bark varies, 
average about +, inch (2 millimeters); when 
broken the fracture is even, but exhibits many 
striated fibres on the inner layer. Taste sweet, 
bitter and then acrid; said to contain s/arch, 
pectin, resin, asparagin, euonic acid, and an ac- 
tive principle called euonymin, which is not to 
be confounded with a brown powder used by the 
_ Eclectics; that is made by precipitating a strong 
alcohol tincture with water. Wahoo is cathar- 
tic and chologogue in its action; the dose of the 
fluid extract is 30 to 60 drops. The extract is 
officinal. 
Frangula, Frangula, Rhamnus Frangula.— 
Natural order Rhamnacez, common name Al- 
der Buckthorn. Native of Europe and North- 
ern Asia. This small tree or shrub is usually 
found in thickets or on the borders of woodlands; 
the leaves are entire and in seven pairs; the 
