150 A COMPENDIUM OF 
14 per cent. of fixed oil incorporated within the 
bark, together with other constituents. _ The 
bark of the oil nut or butter nut tree is tonic and 
cathartic in its effects, and administered in form 
of extract, fluid extract and infusion. The dose 
of the former is from 5 to 30 grains (0.3 tor 
gram); of the fluid extract, % to1 fluid drachm 
(2 to 4 grams); not often prescribed. The solid 
extract is recognized as officinal. The well- 
known black walnut (jug/ans nigra), the En- 
glish walnut, or Madeira nut (juglans regia), 
the hickory nut (carya tomentosa), the shell bark 
or shag bark hickory (carya alba), and the pecan 
nut (carya olive formis), belong to the order of 
Juglandcez. 
Liriodendron, Tulip Tree, Liriodendron Tu- 
lipfera.—Natural order Magnoliacez. This tree 
tanks as a giant among the forests of the United 
States, its trunk being straight and erect and free 
from limbs to a distance of 30 feet. The leaves 
are large, of a shining-green color, and usually 
divided into three lobes, the upper one truncated 
(having the appearance of being cut off), and 
standing on very long petioles. The flowers 
stand on distinct peduncles with a double calyx, 
_ the outer one consisting of two sepals, and the 
inner of three sepals; stamens numerous (poly- 
androus), with short filaments; corolla with six 
_ petals or more, which are showy and streaked 
with red and yellow, and in form of a cone, 
which encloses many minute stigmas. The fruit 
18 cone-shaped, made up of scales, and contain- 
ing two seeds, both of which are sometimes 
abortive. The bark, as it occurs in commerce, 
is usually found in curved pieces or quills, one 
