BOTANIC MATERIA MEDICA, 225 
FRUCTUS—FRUITS. 
Fructus, Fruits, may be divided into fleshy 
fruits as the peach, pear, apple, orange, lemon, 
etc,; aggregate fruits, as the raspberry, black- 
berry, star anise, etc,; and seed-like fruits, as 
the allspice, cocculus, coriander, etc. ‘Techni- 
cally speaking the fruits are the expanded and 
ripened ovary of the flower, and consist of an 
outer covering, termed the pericarp (from the 
Greek, ert, around, and farfos the fruit), 
whilst the external coat of the pericarp is called 
the epicarp (from the Greek, ¢fz, upon, karpos, 
the fruit); and the pulp is called the sarcocarp, 
or mesocarp (from the Greek, meaning the in- 
ternal or middle portion of the fruit), Fruits 
are found globular, ovoidal, reniform, pear 
shaped, etc. Some fruits when fully ripened 
still have the calyx adhering to them, as in the 
apple, persimmon, pomegranate, etc. Others 
again are plucked before they have fully ma- 
tured, as the cubebs, black pepper, cloves, etc., 
all of which we will have occasion to describe 
under their respective heads. 
