BOTANIC MATERIA MEDICA, 303 
a coloring matter termed kino-red. Some of 
the varieties contain a large per cent. of gum, 
Kino is obtained by making incisions in the 
trunk of the tree, whence its red juice exudes, 
and becomes inspissated without the aid of ar- 
tificial heat. Kino is tonic and astringent in its 
effects, and is given in form of powder, troches, 
and tincture. The dose of the powder is from 
8 to 30 grains; of the tincture, 30 to 60 drops 
(2 to4 grams). Kino is also called gum, Gam- 
bier, or Gambia, from the fact of being found 
on the river Gambia in western Africa. 
Lactucarium, Lactucarium, obtained from 
the Latuca Virosa, wild or strong-scented Let- 
tuce.—Natural order Composite. Native of 
central and southern Europe, and cultivated 
for the purpose of obtaining the Lactucarium, 
or lettuce opium, The wild lettuce is a bien- 
nial plant, rising to a height of two or three 
feet; stem erect, adorned with horizontal leaves, 
which are finely dentated, with a prickly keel, 
otherwise nearly smooth as to their surfaces. 
The radical leaves are obovate in shape, undi- 
vided, and resemble the leaves of the garden 
lettuce (Lactuca Sativa). Flowers of a light 
yellow color, and arranged in numerous pani- 
cles, with many small cordate bracts, Achenia 
striated, with a white beak as long as the small 
black fruit. 
The L. Sativa, garden lettuce, and L. Scari- 
ola also yield lactucarium, but they are not 
considered so valuable, nor do they yield half 
the amount. 
