NOVITATES ZOOLOOICA?; XXV. 1918. ' 35 



179. Cinclus melanogaster Brehm = Cinclus cinclus cinclus. 



Cinclufj mckmogaster Brchni, lititr. z. Vojclk, ii. pp. 111-118 * (1822 — Described from a male, said 

 to be shot on the shore of Riigen, by Schilling, in November 1819. The label, however, says 

 4. xii. 1819, but there cannot be another specimen, as the description agrtcj minutely and 

 Brehm later, Nauma.nnia, 1856. p. 189, expressly says, that only this one specimen w.as obtained 

 for him, and anotlici- loi tlie mu.jeum in Grcifswald. Probably i\\e error i.s on the label). 



Type: <? Riigen, 4. xii. 1819. Schilling coll. 



Much is made in the description of the tail, which is said to have only ten 

 rectrices. In Vog. jxtl. Fauna, p. 788, I stated that the taU of the type is 

 incomplete, but I am not so sure now that my statement was correct, and am 

 inclined to believe that the tail was aberrant, in having tin rectrices only. 



180. Cinclus septentrionalis Brehm = Cinclvs cinclus cinclus. 



Cinchin xcplcntrionalis Brehm, Lthrb. Xuturrj. alter eur. V6/. i. p. 287 (1823 — " Waldbache 

 Xorwegcns "). 



Type: " Skandinavien, ^ aestate." 



181. Cinclus medius Brehm = Cinclus cinclus aquaticvs.f 



Cinclus meA'u« Brehm, Handb. Sal. loy. Deutschl. p. ■'i9o(1831 — Thiiringcr Wold) ; id., Xaumunnin, 

 1856. p. 186 (Bonde coll., Th.iringcr Wald, 23. vi. 1827). 



Type: J ad. Thiiringer Wald, 23. vi. 1827. Bonde leg. 



182. Cinclus rupestris Brehm = Cinclus cinclus aquaticus. 



Ciwlus rupestris Brelim, Nuiiin/iinna, 1856. p. 188 (" Sachsische Schwciz, Thiiringer Wald, Dal- 

 matien "). 



Type : (J $ (pair), Bastei, Sachsische Schweiz, 15. vii. 1834. 



(In their list of Bavarian Birds Messrs. HcUmayr and Laiibniiuiii mention 

 three forms of Water-ouzels : C. cinclus medius ( = aquuticus), nieridionalis, and 

 tschusii. It is a pity that not a few words were added about their distribution. 

 With regard to "tschusii" they might have alluded to my statement, Vog. ]xd. 

 Fauna, p. 791, that I could not .see any differences in eleven skins from Rhein- 

 land.) The specimen from Dalmatia (if the locaUty is correct) must be a 

 straggler, because meridionalis is the Dalmatian form. 



183. Cinclus peregrinus Brehm = Cinclus cinclus aquaticus. 



Ciitclu-H peret/rinua IJrchm. Namruinnia, 1856. p. 187 (Thiiringer Wald, Aschachtal in r)bcros- 

 terreich). 



Type : <J ad. Thuringer Wald, 12. xii. 1819. 



Underside dark, approaching C. c. cinclus. Such specimens (still widely 

 different from C. c. cinclus in other respects) are found occasionally in other parts 



* This is the earliest description, not Lchrb. Nat. alter eur. Vocj. i. p. 289, vrhieh appeared in 

 1823. 



t In their excellent Nomertclator dcr Vogel Bayerns, which agrees so much with my nomen- 

 clature in The Hanrl-lial of British Birds, p. 14, Messrs. Hellraayr and Laubmann reject the name 

 aquaticus for medius Brehm, because it was first published in Bcchstein's Oeireue Ahhild. ii. Heft 3. 

 p. 47. tab. 30. 1787, and was merely a new name for Limit's .SVwrnus cinclus. It is true that Bech- 

 stein quotes Linne's name as a synonym, but, as he clearly figures the German Water-ouzel and 

 calls his bird the " deutsche Wassersanger." I think that his name can be restricted to the Germaa 

 form and retained. We also restrict Linnaeus's names to Sweden, even if he says " Habitat Europa" I 

 To the synonyms of G. c. aquaticus must be added : Cinclus hydrorphilus^ Borkhausen, 1797. 



