9t' NoriTATES ZoOtOOICAE XXV. 1918. 



ON THE GENUS CALANDRELLA. 



By ERNST HARTERT, Ph.D. 



^ I "'HE part of my Vog. pal. Faunn in which the genus Cakindrella has been 

 J- treated appeared in 1904, i.e. thirteen years ago. During this period some 

 additions have of course been made, and in one case I have undoubtedly made 

 a serious mistake. 



I have not yet been able to separate any forms in southern Europe, and 

 thus Calandrella hrachydactyla hrachydactyla extends from the plain of Troyes in 

 the Champagne over southern France, Spain, and Portugal to the Balearic Isles, 

 Italy, to the Balkan Peninsula, Greece, and South Russia. From the southern 

 Cauca.sas (Tiflis) Banjkowski has described (Mitt. Kaiikas. Mu.i. vii. pp. 231, 

 •232, 1913) 



Calandrella hrachydactyla ariemisiana 



which is unknown to me. It is said to differ from west European C. b. 

 bradydactyla by its slaty grey upperside, without rufous tinge, purer white 

 underside, pure white markings to the rectrices as well as a longer, laterally more 

 compressed bill. Wings o 94, 98, $ 88, 89 mm. — Sushkin acknowledges this 

 subspecies and says that it occurs on the Ararat. 



C. hrachydactyki hrachydactyla extends also outside Europe : I cannot 

 separate the Short-toed Larks from Palestine, where they breed, though I have 

 seen only worn summer birds and would like to compare freshly moulted 

 individuals. Probably this form extends eastwards to S.W. Persia, as the 

 specimens collected by Witherby appear to belong to the typical race. 



Also in N.W. Africa tlie typical race is found. Single specimens have been 

 obtained in northern Tuni.sia and North Marocco, but it evidently breeds also 

 in the northern coastal plain. An example wliich I shot close to Lake Fetzara 

 belongs to it, and this is evidently not accidental, as Zedlitz confirms the same, 

 i.e. finding C. h. hrachydactyla near Lake Fetzara. 



The greater parts of Tunisia, Algeria, and Marocco are inhabited by a Lighter 

 form, with less conspicuous black markings, which has been described as 



Calaitdrella hrachydactyla rubiginosa 



(Fromholz, Orn. MoiuUsher. 1913, p. 140). 



This subspecies must undoubtedly be recognized, though it is necessary to 

 compare a series, in order to grasp its differences. We found C. hr. ruhiginosa 

 breeding on the Hants Plateaux near Ain-Oussera and thence southwards to the 

 Oued N^a between Ghardaia and Touggourt, probably its southernmost breed- 

 ing place. 



A closely allied but weU-differentiated form replaces C. h. hrachydactyla east 

 of the Ural. It has the top of the head of the same, or almost the same colour 

 as the back, certainly less reddish, and it is altogether less rufescent, more 

 greyish and brownish. It breeds in eastern Persia (Zarudny coll.), Transeaspia 



