292 NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 101!). 



from its normal habitat. Xepal, Sikkim, and Northern Burma are seldom visited 

 by the small southern bird, and the islands, being well separated from the main- 

 land, have equally few visitors from the north. Possibly, if we could examine 

 locally breeding birds only our difficulties would mostly disappear. 



There is, however, yet another means of differentiation which is to be found 

 between the Continental and Island forms, and that is on the shape of the wings, 

 a point I deal with later on. This confirms Stresemann's division of brachyurus 

 from lugubris, and without it I do not think they could be divided. 



The Ceylon bird seems to differ in having a much longer tail than the Malayan 

 bird, in addition to having a different wing formula. It cannot, of course, be 

 confounded with the much larger Northern Indian bird. 



I cannot separate birds from Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo. It is true 

 that in the table given the Javan birds seem to average larger, but if we eliminate 

 two big, long- tailed birds, with wings of 136 and 144 mm. respectively, the 

 average at once comes down to about that of the others. These two birds, 

 which also have the northern wing formula, may well be visitors only. 



For the present I recognise the following species and subspecies : 



1. Sumiculus lugubris. 



(o) Sumiculus lugubris lugubris. 



Cuculus lugubris Hor-sf., Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 179 (1820), Java. 

 Cuculus alhopunctalus Drap., Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. iv. p. 570 (1823), Java. 



Type Locality. Java. 



A small bird with a wing (excluding two specimens) varying between 120 

 and 128 mm., average 123-8 mm. Tail between 99 and 135 mm. 



The two excluded specimens are both Javan, with wings of 136 and 144 mm. 

 and tails of 132 and 136 mm. respectively. These may be individuals which 

 have migrated from the north. Javan, Sumatran, and Bornean birds are all 

 practically the same in size, the wing averages for the three islands being 124, 

 122-8, and 123-6 mm. respectively. I can see no colour or structural differences, 

 and retain them all under this name. 



The wing formula in this race is : third and fourth primary equal or fouilh 

 longest ; first primary comparatively small. 



Habitat. Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Borneo. 



? Sumiculus lugubris barusarum. 



Sumiculus lugubris barusarum Oberhober, Smith. Misc. CoU. vol. Ix. No. 7. p. 5 (1912). 



Oberholser describes this race as " resembling lugubris but smaller, with the 

 bill at least relatively larger and with less white on the inner wing quills." " Tana 

 Bala Island, Batu Island." 



As no dimensions are given, it is quite imiDossible to say whether this is a 

 distinct race or not. The extent of white on the wing quills is very variable, 

 and probably this subspecies will have to be suppressed. 



(6) Surnicvlus lugubris minimus subsp. nov. 



Type (J, 19.vi.07, VV. P. Lowe Coll., British Museum, No. 1911. 11.16.127. 



Type Locality. Iwahig, Palawan. 



A very small bird, wing average only 120' 6 mm. and varying between 117 



