KOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. 1919. 313' 



1 am inclined to believe that many of them in nature get washed off their plants 

 l)y the torrential rains experienced in this particular part of the world, and 

 which, judging by the years 1912, 1913, and 1916, are by no means over till well 

 through the month of May. If this really is the case, it is probably the main 

 reason why comparatively few reach maturity, and the species is reckoned to 

 be scarce. Moreover, there is associated with it a fairly large yellow-bodied 

 hymenopterous parasite ; I bred one from the pupa of the first larva of this 

 species which I ever found, and I have not seen it since. Of course, at the time, 

 I was left in the dark as to the identity of the larva which I had just figured. 



In the butterfly a few salient features are worthy of note, and constitute 

 important differences when contrasting hyppason with the black-and-red Papilios 

 of the Aristolochia groups : e.g. — 



1. Patch on forewing of male yellowish rather than white, much liroken 

 up and suffused and tapering off towards the apex. 



2. Forewing of male broad, hindwing in proportion reduced ; red spots 

 of a violet hue, appearing brick-red in certain lights. 



3. Patch on forewing of female pure white, but much suffused by comparison 

 \\\X\\ lyaander. 



4. Eight coloured patches on hindwing of female very unequal in length, 

 the lower six being endowed with a lovely violet iridescence, the seventh some- 

 times and the eighth always being cream-coloured. 



5. A red spot on base of undersurface of hindwing, and touches of white 

 in fringe. 



6. All black scales thicker in both sexes, giving greater opacity to the wings, 

 sijecimens in consequence being very easily scratched and spoilt. 



7. Neither sex is much subject to variation, save in the extent of the white 

 or coloured patches. 



8. The butterfly haunts exactly those parts of the matto where the Aristo- 

 lochia species dwell, and has indeed often been taken in company with lysandei\ 

 thus facilitating the deception. 



P. anchisiades anchisiades (pi. ii. fig. 12, pi. iv. fig. 1). 



A well-known species with a wide range of distribution, and as common 

 in Para as elsewhere. 



Food-plants : Any species of Citrus, and once in nature, according to 

 expectation, on Fagara rhoifolia, in July 1917. 



The eggs, which are yellow and smaller than those of the three previous 

 species, are found in a batch of 50 or more, compactly deposited on the under- 

 smiace of an orange or lemon leaf, generally within reach of the hand. Here 

 at first the young larvae remain, livmg in a gregarious cluster and feeding chiefly 

 by night. 



At this period they are almost repulsive in their similarity to a mass of 

 oily yellow maggots. As they grow, they become a green- or grey- brown, and 

 are still exceedingly grub-like and oily in appearance. The full-grown larva 

 is of a rich freckled brown, with small and ill-defined touches of white, and 

 it no longer possesses a glazed surface. Generally before reaching this stage 

 the whole batch betakes itself to the base of the tree-trunk, where, after spinning 

 a slight silken foothold, the individuals repose side by side during the day, 



