KOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXVI. IHIO. 317 



of the dorsal tubercles at both extremities is very considerabl», but they rapidly 

 diminish in ratio towards the centre, being only minute points on 8 and 10, and 

 unrepresented on 9. They are all very dark maroon except the first and last 

 pairs, which are of a strong cadmium yellow and much angled outwards. 



In the earlier instars its appearance is much the same, only less brilliant 

 in blend of colours, and never oily looking as in the larvae of the Fluted Papilios. 

 In full growth it is, like hyppason, a really beautiful object, with a sleek velvety 

 skin, and always lies fully exposed upon the upper surface of a leaf. 



The pupa is extremely different from every other Papilio that I know ; 

 very short, round and dumpy, with a long curved cremaster, a single prominent 

 hump on the thorax, and no projecting " ears." I never found it in nature, 

 but in captivity, except on one occasion, it has always been of a bright emerald- 

 green colour. 



As a butterfly, it is hard to say which of the Aristolochia set ariarathes most 

 resembles, as in colour and scaling, though perhaps less dense, it most nearly 

 repeats hyppason, the patch on the forewing of the male being various in shape 

 and position and yellowish in colour. In the female only it is white, diffused, 

 and central in position. In the hindwing also the red spots are definitely more 

 red than pink or crimson, but in arrangement they revert more to the grouping 

 as exhibited in the female of aeneas. 



As it bears touches of white in the fringe of the hindwing it may, on aU 

 these considerations, be said most nearly to approach this butterfly. If any 

 advantage is to be gained by looking lUie an Aristolochia Papilio, it is, I presume, 

 on account of the recognised distastefulness of such butterflies. Certain it 

 is that the pungent aroma of the Aristolochia plant is often imparted to the 

 larva feeding on it, and can even be detected in the butterfly on emergence. 



Among very important morphological differences, however, may be mentioned 

 the cui'vature and neuration of the wings, which are true to the form adopted 

 in Division III ; and, stiU more obvious, the greatly diminished length of the legs 

 and antennae, which at once strike the observant eye, and are no less characteristic 

 of the Division. 



Protesilatjs Group. 

 P. protesilaus nigricomis. 



As already announced, I have but to record this species and leave it. Two 

 specimens alone have accrued to my collection from the large tank in Utinga, 

 that justly-famed Para locality where so many butterflies come for rest and 

 refreshment. 



Of my 22 Papilios, I estimate that I have taken, or at least seen, within a 

 very few yards of this tank, 14 or 15 species, and I can scarcely doubt that it 

 is the occasional rendezvous of the remainder, for presumably none of them 

 live at any distance, and their access to the spot over the tree-tops is, for a 

 butterfly, simplicity itself. 



There are days when the forest is almost oppressive, not so much by its 

 heat, as by its aspect of total desertion. A deathly stillness pervades all things ; 

 one sees no birds, no animals, hardly an insect of any kind ; nothing is in motion, 

 and, moreover, on such an occasion there is often nothing to break the quiet 

 but one hoUow, echoing sound, strangely repeated at intervals in the hidden 



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