( 170 ) 



" Ornithoptera boisdumli, Papilio (/itnali, teleinackits"), or <arfi treated as synonynis 

 or query syiiouyius of the New Gninean insects (Montron/.ier's " Papilio ormenus, 

 xei-eniii, godarti, aegistus, sarpedon, codnts "). 



Besides these species or varieties, we have not seen any specimen of the 

 following forms. As most of them have heen figured, we could decide whether 

 thev lire identical or not with insects known under other names, ex(dusive of Hagen's 

 ^.fuscus. These species and varieties are : — 



1. Troidfs priamus poseidoti ab. goliath (Oberth.) ; known to us from tlie figure 

 and a photograph. 



2. Troidi's hch'fia ah.jitpiter (Oberth.) ; known from the figure. 



3. Troides amphrysus sumatranus (Hagen) ; known from the description only. 



4. Papilio mariae almae Semjier ; known from the figure. 

 o. Papilio annae phlegon Feld. ; known from the figure. 



6. Papilio douhledayi sambilu»ga Doherty; known from the descrijitinn. 



7. Papilio crassipes Oberth. ; known from the fignre. 



8. Papilio nohlei Nicdv. ; known from the fignre. 



9. Papilio nevilli Elwes & Nicdv. ; known from the figure. 



10. Papilio paradoxus telesicles ah. fuscua Hagen ; known from the (leseri]ition. 



11. Papilio neumoegeni Honr. ; known from the fignre. 



12. Papilio montrouzieri ab. weshvoodi Oberth. ; known from the figure. 



13. Papilio lorquinianus albertisi Oberth. ; known from the fignre. 



14. Papilio peranthus intermedins Snell. ; known from the description and some 

 notes in litteris. 



1.5. Papilio prillwitzi Fruhst. ; known from a ]ihotograph. 



16. Papilio podalirinus Oberth. ; known from the fignre. 



17. Papilio etirypylm sangirus Oberth. ; known from the figni'e. 



All the other Eastern Papilios are either contained in the Tring Museum, m- 

 we could examine them in other collections. 



In order to show to the reader what material stands at tlie ])reseiit time 

 at our disposal in the Tring Museum, and to provide ourselves with a kind of 

 catalogue which shows at once the desiderata of the Tring Museum, we have given, 

 in brackets after each locality, the numbers of specimens of each species and sub- 

 species contained in Mr. Rothschild's collection from every locality. 1 expressly 

 add that in most cases we also had the opportunity to examine specimens from 

 such places from where the Tring Museum does not yet possess the respective 

 insects. 



A careful identification of so numerous and difficult a gronj) of forms of insects 

 as we have had to deal witli in tliis revision can only be carried out if one abandons 

 all prejudices, if one takes none of the names by which one is accustomed to 

 call certain forms for granted, and begins with the very beginning, starting in 

 every case from the first mentioning of the insect in the zoological literature. 

 The oldest writers upon Natural History objects, Aristoteles, Plinius, Albertns 

 Magnus, and others, np to the end of tlie sixteenth century, need scarcely be taken 

 into consideration. 



Tl:e first figure of a Papilio, to my knowledge, is that in Hoefnagel's Archetypa 

 (lo92), where we find /'. machaon L. and P. podalirius L. represented on 

 plates 11 and 12 of Part III. In the course of the seventeenth century and 

 at the beginning of the eighteenth, there appeared a good many works, of 

 Aldrovandus, Hollar, Moid'et, Merret, .Tonston, Petivi-r, Hajns, v\v.., in wiiich 



