( 10.5 ) 



it can serve to jn-ove that the feiiude of lydius stands uearer the ancestral form of the 

 insects in question than the females of the other species do [cf Haase, Untersuch. iib. 

 J/im. p. 24 (1893); Fickert, Zool. Jtihrh'ich. \>. 714 (1889)]. Rippon, in liis non- 

 critical (to say tlie least) monograph of Troides. exjiresses the opposite opinion —  

 namely, that the female o{ lydia.s, having a " danaoid "' and " acreoid " appearance, 

 is a (younger) modification of the femalee of croeniin and primiius, and " bears 

 unmistakable evidence of its being intended as a mimic of some danaoid or acreoid 

 species, probably a< a means of protection." 



The green scales on the upper.side of tlie forewings of prianius. and the orange 

 ones of croesus and lydius, are of the same form in these three insects, and differ in 

 shape obviously from those of titJioiius and paradiseus. In paradiseus tliey are 

 rather .short, rectangular, witli the angles tliemselves rounded ; in tithonus they have 

 tlie same rectangular form, but are longer, and their apex is more rounded; in 

 prlainus, croesus, and lydius they are obviously narrowed towards the apex ; vict&riae 

 hohls in this res2iect an intermediate position. 



Tlie abdominal fold of tiie hindwings bears on the underside, upon the sub- 

 median uervure, long and densel}' set hairs in all the species of TroUlee ( priaraus 

 groui) and lielena groujj), which character is absent from all tlie Eastern Papilios, 

 and has also a peculiar scaling, with which I did not meet in any species of Fapilio, 

 except P. aidoneus Doubl. The scales of tlie underside of the abdominal fold are 

 broadest towards tlie base, and regularly jiroduced at the apex in two very long teeth 

 in paradlseits {i>ta.uding.), victoriae (Gray), tithoinis (De Huan), priarivus (L.), croesus 

 (Wall.), lydiii,8 (Feld.), and hypolilus (Cram.) ; the species allied to heleiia {L.) and 

 aviphrysus (Cram.) (Swainson's genus Amphristus) differ in the scales having partly 

 three long teeth : in brookianus (Wall.j most of the scales have three or four teeth. 

 In paradiseus these scales stand rather widely separated from one another, the 

 membrane of the wing being visible between them. In the genus Papilio the scales 

 of the abdominal fold of the hindwings are either identical with those on the disc of 

 the wing, or, if different, are rounded, or irregularly and shortly toothed; except 

 in P. aidoneus Doubl., where they are similar to tho.se of T. brookia/ius (Wall.). 



The scaling on the disc of the forewings of the male of T. victwiae (Gray) ha.- a 

 peculiar gloss. While on the black, not glossy, portion of the wing the scales are 

 arranged in trans\erse series, and whilst here the upper scales are narrower than those 

 of the under layer, in the glossy area the serial arrangement has become irregular, 

 chiefly in consequence of the upper scales having assumed the broad form of the 

 under scales. I may add that the black scales of the upperside of tlie forewings of 

 vlcforiue are not, or feebly, toothed, especially those of the upper layer, which come 

 very close in shape to the non-dentate metallic scales. — K. .T. 



-1. Troides tithouus (De Haan) [J,?]. 



^. (Jniilli„j,lr,v fithniiHx De Haan, Vcrh. Nut. Gesch. Neil, overz. lez. p. 18. t. 1. f. 1 (J) (1840) 



(Xew Guinea ; pnilmhlii erro/ieous) ; Donbl. Westw. & Hew., Grii. Oinrii. Lpi>. I. p. 4. ii. 4 



(1846) ; Volleuhov.. Tijil^chr. v. Ent. III. p. 71. u. 3 (I8G0). 

 (J. Papiliu Uthonns. (Jray, Cat. hep. Ins. B. M. I. p. 5. n. 8 (18.')2) ; id., List Lrp. Ins. B. M. I. p. 3. 



n. 8 (18u0) ; Feld., )'«■/,. -.. h. Gas. Wim p. 2'JO. n. G. & p. .'i;il. n. 4 (1S04). 

 ?. Oniithoptern lithoiin«, Oberthiir, Bull. So,: Enl. Fmna' p. 122 (1885) (Waiguu) ; id., Et. il'Eiil. 



Xn. p. 1. n. 1. 1. 3. f. 10 ( ? ) (1888) (Waigeu). 

 (? ? . Omilhnplem tithonus, Fickert, Zuul. Jahrbikh. p. 720. t. 20. f. Ii (J ). t. 21. f. 1 ( ? ) (1889) 



(Waigeu) ; Standing.. Iris VI. p. 355 (1894) (Waigeu). 



In neuration, especially in the position of the third subcostal branch of the 

 forewings, this species i» closely allied to T. priamus (L.) ; in pattern and in the 



