( 216 ) 

 19. Troides helena (L.) [t?,?, inetam.]. 



(J. Merian, Tiis. Surinam, t. 72. 6g. max. (1719). 



J. Papilio Eques Achiaix hekna Linne, .Si/s(. Nat. ed. x. p. 4G1. n. 18 (1758) (lijptis : fig. .Uerianae). 



J. Pajnlio Equfs Trojanut helena Linnd, .l/"«. Lml. Ulr. p. 199. n. 18 (17ti4) (sub xi/nmi.) ; Houtt., 



Xiil. Hist. I. 11. p. 20. n. 18 (1767) (pp.): Linn^, Si/sl. Nat. ed. xii. p. 748. ii. 19 (17G7) 



(p.p.); MttUer, NiUiirx. V. 1. p. 571. n. 19 (1774) (p.p.) ; Fabr., %s/. Ent. p. 449. n. 28 (1775) 



lj>.p.); Goeze, Ent. Jiii/li: III. 1. p. 38. n. 19 (1779) (p.p.) ; Fabr., Spec. Ins. II. p. 10. n. 39 



(1781) (p.p.) : Fabr., .Uant. Ins. II. p. .'>. n. 42 (1787) (p.p.) ; id., Enl. Si/sl. III. I. p. 19. n. 59 



(mS)(p.p.). 

 ? . Papilio Eques Adiirus pompeiis Cramer, Pap. Exul. I. p. 39. t. 25. f. a (1775) (Batavia) ; 



Goeze, Ent. Beyti: III. 1. p. 83. ii. 52 (1779) ; Esper. Ausl. Schmell. p. 101. n. 43. t. 24. f. 2 



(1T92). 

 $ . Papilio Eques Trojaiins axtenous Fabricius, Sijsl. Ent. p. 448. n. 270 (1775) (li/pe in .Mas. Banks, 



still preserved in Brit. .Uns. ; hab. in "cap. b. ap." ex err.) ; Goeze, Ent. Bei/tr. III. 1. p. 41. 



11. 10 (1779) ; Fabr., Spec. Ins. II. p. 10. n. 38 (1781) ; Jablonsky, Nalurs. Sclimelt. I. p. 201. 



n. 4. t. 2. f. 3 (1784) ; Gmelin, Sysl. Xat. I. 5. p. 2234. n. 297 (1790) (synon. ex parte). 

 (J. Papilio Eqius Trnjanns heliacon Fabricius, Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 19. n. CO (1793) (Iiid. or. ; 



type in Mus. Banhs, still preserved in Brit. .Vus.). 

 (J. Papilio heliacon, Donovan, Ins. of hulia t. 19 (1800). 

 {J. Trokles helena, Hiibuer, Vers. heh. Schni. p. 88. n. 921 (IHIG) (p.p.). 

 $. Troides astenous, Hiibner, I.e. p. 88. n. 922 (181G). 

 (j ? . Papilio amphi-isins, Godart, Enc. Mith. IX. p. 27. n. 7 (1819) (p.p.) ; Horsf., Ckit. Lep. Ins. 



Mns. E. I. C. I. t. 4. f. 13. a— c (I., p.,anatom.) (1828) : Zinkeri, Nova Act. Ac. Nat. Cur. XV. 



p. 153. n. 8 (1832) (Java ; synon. ex parte). 

 (J $. Awphrisius nymphalides Swainson, Zool. Illuslr. (2). II. t. 98 (J, I., p.) (1833) (Java). 

 (J ? . Ornithopteia heliacon, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lip. 1. p. 178. ii. 7 (183()) (Java, nee Sumatra ; 



.tyn. ex parte) ; Blanch., //«(. Nat. Ins. III. p. 420. t. 1 [(J ; = hepluiestus (Fold,)?]: 2 (/.). 



3 (p.) (1840) (Java) ; Obertli., Et. iVEnt. IV. p. 32. n. 13 (1879) (Java). 

 (5 J . Ornithoptera pomjieius, Doubl. Wcstw. & Hew., Gen. Diurn. Lip. I. p. 4. n. 9 (184G) (Java ; 



synon. ex parte). 

 J $ . Papilio pompeus, Gray, Cat Lip. Ins. B. M. I. p. 5. n. 13 (1852) (p.p.) ; id., List Lep. Ivs. 



B. .M. I. p. 5. n. 15 (185G) (p.p.) ; Feld., Verh. j. 6. Ges. Wicn p. 291. n. 28 (1864) (pp.) ; 



Butl., Cat. Diurn. Lep. descr. Fabric, p. 235. n. 4 (1869) (p.p.). 

 fj ?. Ornithnptera pompeus, Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. E. 1. C. I. p. 87. n. 177 (1857) 



(p.p.); Vollenhov., Tijdschr. v. Ent. III. p. 71. n. 7 (1860) (Java : Padang : "New Guinea" 



err. loc.) ; Wall., Tr. Linn. Soc. Land. XXV. p. 39. u. 9 (1865) (p.p.) ; Stauding. & Scliatz, 



Exot. Schmett. I. p. 5 (1884) ; Fickert, Zool. Jahrlmch. p. 727. t. 21. f. 5 ( J). 6 ( ? ) (1889). 



For reasons wliy this species is the true helena (L.) see T. oblouf/o'inacidativs 

 (Goeze) (page 212). 



Fabricius's aslenons is, according to the specimen in the Kanksian collection, 

 based on a typical /«»(«/« of helena (I..). The male in the Banksian collection bears 

 a label "Papilio an helena?" and conios indeed very near to Merian's figure, upon 

 which Linne's helenn is ba'^ed. Donovan's figure of Papilio heliacmi Fabr. was taken 

 from " an insect from the East Indies, in the cabinet of Sir Joseph Bank.s, Bart.," 

 and agrees perfectly witli the before-ment ioned m«fe. As Fabricius described heliacon 

 from the l^anksian collection, I must take that male for the tyjie of Fabricius's species. 

 This specimen belongs, however, to the Javan race of helena, so that heliacon (P'abr.), 

 as well as astenous (Fabr.), sink as synonyms of helena (L.). 



Troides helena (L.) ranges from X. India to Sambawa and Celelies, and has 

 developed into five subspecies : — 



{a) : T. helena (1...) from .Java and S.E. Sumatra; 



(6) : T. helena nereis (Doherty) from Eugano ; 



(c) : T. helena, projnnquus m. from Sambawa ; 



(cl) : T. helena cerherus (F«ld.) from N. India; Malay Peninsula; .\ndanian Islands; 

 Sumatra ; Nias ; Natuna Islands : Borneo : Banguey ; 



