( 223 ) 



9 . The forewings are, above, all greenish black ; or the cell bears an apical white 

 mark, as in cerherus (Feid.), and the subcostal, discoidal, and median nervules are 

 bordered with white. Below, there is always a large white jiatch upon the subcostal 

 nervure, even when there are no white markings at the other veins ; the median and 

 discoidal nervules bear towards the outer margin often short geminate streaks ; in 

 the specimens with much white above, the streaks are broader and whiter below than 

 on the upperside. 



The costal-basal black region of the hindwiugs extends, as in typical helena (L.). 

 beyond the origin of the subcostal nervule ; most specimens have a submarginal 

 yellow spot before the subcostal vein; the subdiscal black spots stand either isolated, 

 or are partly joined to the black border of the wing; the yellow mark behind the 

 lower median vein is sometimes rather reduced on the upperside; below, the yellow 

 markings are sometimes much shaded with creamy buS' scales. 



Hah. Celebes (4 c?, 10 ?); Saleyer. 



20. Troides aeacus (F'elder) [<?,?]• 



5. Urnithupta-a rhadii manlhus BoisduvJ (/«(■ rhudniiiaatus Lucas, 1835), .s>rc. Gin. Lep. I. p. 18U. 

 n. 8 ( ? , net ? var. A, nee (J) (1836) (Cochiu China ; nee Manila). 



(^ ?. Ornithopteni vhadamanltms, Doubl. Westw. & Hew., Gen. Diuni. I.iji. I. p. 4. n. lU (1846) 

 (Cochin China : India) ; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. E. I. C. I. p. 88. n. 178 (1857) 

 (Darjeeling) ; Reakirt, Pmc. Ent. Soe. Phil. p. 444. n. 1 (1864) {p.p.) ; Moore, P. Z. S. p. 755 

 (1865) (Bengal) ; Druce, P. Z. R. p. 108. n. 1 (1874) (Siam) ; Dist., Rkop. .Uul. p. 326. n. 1. 

 t.,27a. f. 5 ((J) & p. 327. f. 106 ( ? ) (1885) (Mai. Pen.) ; Wood-Mas. & Nicc'v., Joiirn. A.i. Soc. 

 Bewj. p. 373. n. 172 (1886) (Cachar) ; Elwes & Nic^v., ihid p. 438. n. 148 (1886) (Tavoy & 

 Sinbyoodine) ; Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lniicl. p. 422. n. 393 (1888) (Sikkim ; common in hot 

 valleys at 2000 to 3000 feet) ; Manders, ihkl. p. 535. n. 185 (1890) (Shan States ; very common 

 in low valleys. 800 to 3000 feet) ; Watson, Jotim. As. Soc. Beii<j. p. 53. n. 205 (1891) (Chin 

 Lushai) ; Swinhoe, Tr. Ent. Soc. Loncl. p. 311. n. 371 (1893) (Kbasia Hills) ; Leech, Butterfl. 

 of China, etc. p. 513 (1893) {p.p.); Nicev., Ga-.etieer of SiHim p. 170. n. 457 (1894) (Sikkim ; 

 common in low valleys from May to October). 



(J ? . Popilid rluidamanlhus, frray. Cat. Lep. Ins. B. M. I. p. 6. n. 14 (1852) {sijiuin. p.p. ; Nepaul ; 

 Moulmein : Hong-Kong) ; id.. List Lep. Ins. B. il. I. p. 5. n. 10 (18,56) {sijnon. p.p.). 



?. OmUhoptera aeiieiis Felder, 117™. Ent. Mon. IV. p. 225. n. 71 (180O) (patria?). 



? . Papilio aeacus Felder, Vesh. z. h. Ges. Wien p. 291. n. 32 (1864) (patria?). 



(^ . fJrnithojitcra rhadanuuithus var. anvphrisins., Kirby, Cat. D'/iirn. Lep. p. 519. sub ii. 9 (1871) 

 (Ind. bor.) ; Stauding. & Schatz, E.tot. Schmell. I. p. 4 (1884) (Sikkim) ; Fickert, Z„ol. ./ahrbiirh. 

 p. 734. sub n. 3 (1889 1 (N. India). 



^. Oriiillioptem rhudiimantlius var. thoiiisoni Bates, in Thomson's Straits nf .Malacca, etc. p. 546 

 (1875) (Siam). 



S ?• Oniithopte.ra minos, OberthUr. Et. d'ICnI. IV. p. 32. n. 14 (1879) (Burma) : id., I.e. XI. p. 14 

 (1886) (Ta-tsien-Iu). 



cj ? . Papilio {Ornithopteni) rhadainanthns, Nici'ville, .Journ. As. Sue. Ben;/, p. 98. n. 255(1883) 

 (Sikkim). 



Felder's type of (leacws agrees with the Indian females of that species which 

 most authors erroneously enumerate as T. rhadariutnthns. The present Troides 

 differs from the true rliadamantus (Lucas) from the Philip])ines so markedly that I 

 must contradict P^ickert, Staudinger, lieecli, and others, who say that rhadamanhis 

 (Lucas) and aeacus (Feld.) belong to one species. About '' avipkrisius (Lucas)," 

 " rh(ulamanthus (Boisd.)," .see T. i-hadamantus (Lucas), p. 225. 



Bates's " var. t/iomsonl" from Siam is based on a specimen with the abdomen 

 rather more extended yellow; the Siamese examples which I have examined can, 

 however, not be sepai-ated from the North Indian ones; tliey are often smaller than 

 the latter, and the forewings of the very small individuals are rather strongly falcate; 

 but there occm- in Siam also small (and large) specimens, of which the forewings are 



