( 248 ) 



The reasons wliicli iiiiliK :• me to n'giinl nntiphiis, acutus, and kotzehaeas as 

 geographical races o{ arhlolocliiue arc as follows : — 



(!) The caterpillars of aristolochiae and anliphus, as deseriiicd and figured by 

 Moore and Hagen respectively, do uot differ from one another. Dewitz's figure of 

 the mi-va of kotzebueus (see below) is incorrect ; the whitish baud and spines ought 

 to stand upon that segment which bears the first pair of venti~dl legs, instead of upon 

 the preceding segment ; this mistake is excusable, as Dewitz's figures were jiartly 

 taken from drawings of the collectors. 



(2) There occur individuals of the butterflies intermediate in colour between 

 nriUolochiae and antiphus, and between philippas and kotzehuevs. 



(3) The sexual organs of the males are the same. 



(4) The position, form, and scaling of the submarginal spots of the hindwings 

 are the same in (iristolochiae and antiphus. 



P. aristolochiae and nntiphuM occur together in .Tava and on the island of 

 I'unguran (Natuna Islands) ; in the first locality anliphus is, however, very scarce, 

 while on liungurau arisiolochiue is rare, out of 150 specimens received from Bunguran 

 only two belonging to this form ; from Uorneo, Sumatra, Palawan, and tlie Sulu Islands 

 aristolochiae has not been recorded. 



(«) : P. aristolochiae Fain-., forma typ. [J, ?, metam.]. 



This race is especiall}- \arial)le in the extent of the black basal region of the 

 underside of the forewings, and in the number and position of the white spots on the 

 hindwings. The submarginal spots to the hindwings are sometimes rather small. 



In the North Indian indinduals the black basal area of the underside of the 

 hindwings reaches mostly somewhat beyond the origin of the lower median nervule, 

 often even beyond the base of the second median vein, and extends much farther 

 along the subcostal than along the median nervure ; the white-coloured apical portion 

 of the cell is often reduced to three small spots. The number of white spots on the 

 hindwings varies from three to four ; that behind the lower median vein is in many 

 examples also almost white and .seldom includes a black spot. The discal spots 

 become often reduced in size ; as the reduction of each spot takes place from the 

 basal side, the remaining pai-ts of the spots stand very often far from the cell, in 

 many individuals midway between the cell and the submarginal markings; this 

 latter character appears very .seldom in s])ecimens from other localities. 



The Ceylonese specimens agree with the North Indian ones; but the white 

 colour of the under.side of the forewings is often more extended, and a greater number 

 of individuals have a white cellular spot to the hindwings, which character mi.sled 

 ]Moore to treat the Ceylon specimens as belonging to a distinct species (Meiielaidea 

 ceylonicus Moore). The spot at the anal angle includes mostly a black mark, or is 

 emarginate at the lower median vein. 



Most of my Burmese examples, and those from tiie Shan States, are remarkable for 

 the length of the white markings; the spot between the first and second median liranches 

 is the longest, and usually of the same peculiar form as in P. aristolochiae philippus. 

 The anal reddish mark includes, as in the Ceylonese examples, a black spot, or is sinuate. 

 The basal black area of the forewings as in the North Indian specimens. The individual 

 from the Shan States have often a white cellular spot to the hindwings. 



The Malaccan indi\iduals have the black region of the underside of the forewings 

 often reduced ; the white spots of the hindwings stand (always ?) close to the cell ; 

 the spot before the iipjier median nervule is mostly the longest ; the spots are more 



