( 20.4 ) 



at the anal angle is seldom marked above, and also sometimes absent from the 

 nnderside. In none of my (male) specimens are there discal sjKjts between the lower 

 discoidal and second median nervules. 



Hab. Cachar; Western China (l.i <J). 



(il. Papilio philoxenus <iray [c?,? lar\;», pupa]. 



Popilio philoxfttiis Gray, Zanl. .lAV. p. 32 (1831) (Xepaul) ; id., fm. nf Xe/iaul t. 2 (1833) ; Boisd., 

 Spec. Gin. Lip. I. p. 204. n. 88 (1836) (xi/non. p.]).; " mhifreiis Gray = ? of philnrenuK Gray" 

 fx err.) : Doubl. Westw. & llev!.. Gen. Diiirn. Lep. I. p. 9. n. 14 (184r.) (X. India) : Gray, 

 his. of.\r/,aul p. 5 (184fi) : Westw., Cob. Or. Ent. p. 81 (p-l>-)- '• '•0- f- 2. 3. 5 (1K48) (Assam ; 

 Sylhet : Nepaul) : Gray, Cut. Lep. Ins. B. .U. I. p. !). n. 31 (18.52) (nee " var. c ") ; id., List Lep. 

 his. Ji. M. T. p. 10. n. 34 (18.56) {nee " var. c") ; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. Lep. his. Miis. E. I. C. 

 I. p. 96. 11. 194 (1857) (Darjeeling : Clierra Punji) ; Feld., Verli. z. h. Ges. Wi/ii p. 325. n. 477 

 ( 1H(;4) (Darjeeling : Sylliet : Nepaul) ; Moore, /'. Z. S. p. 757 (1865) (Bengal) ; id., I.e. p. 840 

 (1878) (Upp. TenaFserim) : Oberth., El. ,rEiit. IV. p. 43. n. 51 (1879) (Nep.aul) ; Nict^v., 

 Journ. As. Soc. Beiifj. p. 53 (1881) (Sikkim, October) ; Standing. & Schatz. Eml. Hrhmett. I. 

 p. 9. t. 5 (J) (1884) ; Elwes, Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 42G. n. 401 (1888) [Sikkim : common, at 

 the same elevations and in the same months as the last {ilusurdda Moore)] ; Munders, ihiti, 

 p. 535. n. 187 (1890) (Shan States ; abundant and widely distributed) ; NictJv., Journ. Bombuy 

 X. H. .SV. p. .387. n. 89 (1890) (Chin-Lushai) ; Oberth., Et. d'Ent. XVII. p. 2 (1893) 

 (Tonkin). 

 Byasa pliiloxeniis, Moore, P. Z. S. p. 259. t. 12. f. 5 (/.) 5a (/).) (1882) (X.W. Himalaya) ; Swinh., 



Tr. Ent. Soc. Lontl. p. 312. n. 381 (1893) (Khasia Hills). 

 Pnpilio (Bi/asa) phihxenus, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. p. 13G. n. 229 (1886) (Kumaon) ; Elwcs 

 * XicBV., ;/)(>«. p. 435. n. 132 (1886) (Ponsekai) ; Nicc'v., Gazetteer of Sild-im p. 171. n. 467 

 (1894) (Sikkim ; common at the same elevations and times of the year a-s P. dasaradn 

 Moore). 



Though Mr. Leech [Butterjl. of CIdmi, etc., p. .J38 (1893)] is (|iiite right in 

 saying that the Chinese F. lama of Oberthiir is connected with the Indian 

 P. jjhiloxenus Gray by a continuous chain of intergraduate specimens, I cannot 

 agree with him in treating lama Oberth. as a mere synonym of philo.vAinus. The 

 Chinese individuals are on the whole distinguishable by some slight characters, 

 which render it necessary to keep lama separate from philoxenus as a subspecies. 

 The jiresent insect has, therefore, two local forms, and occurs all over Western China, 

 Thibet (iirobably), X.W. Himalaya, Korthern India, Burma, Tenasserim, Malay 

 Peninsula, Siam, and Tonkin ; it has not been found in Central and Eastern China, 

 or in the Central and Southern provinces of W. India. 



(a): P. philoxenus <iray, forma typ. [c?,?]. 



With the Indian subspecies of philoxenus I must unite as individual aberrations 

 r. dasa/rcula Moore and P. pjolyeuctes Doubl., as it is impossible to draw parting 

 lines between these three " species." P. p>hiloxenus Gray varies especially in the 

 shape and pattern of the hin<l\vings, and in the lengtli of the cell of the.se wings. 

 I find by measurement that my series of about fifty specimens includes every 

 modification of the hindwing, from the extreme.-^t individuals of dasaraila, witii a 

 broad and short tail, to the smaller philoxenvs, with shorter hindwings, longer and 

 much more spatulate tails; and that there is also every intergradation between the 

 specimens with a very long discoidal cell to the hindwings, and tliose with a broader 

 and shorter cell. If we take the length of the hindwings = 100, the cell varies in 

 length from 36 to 43 in my m,ales, and from 32 to 39 in my females. In pattern 

 of the hindwing my series shows the following variation : — 



S. (a"): Above, a large white patch between the discoidal veins; three sul> 

 marginal red spots, of which the posterior one, situate between the lower median 



