( 273 ) 



White, Eld. Mu. Mar/, p. ft7 (18(j7) (Rome : Capri) ; AUard, Ann. Sue. Ent. Fi: p. 312 (1867) 

 (Algin-ie) ; Ebrard, null. Sot: Ent.Fr. p. 157 (ISO?) (col of pupa) ; Mann, Verli. z. b. Ges. Wien 

 p. 60 (1867) (Militiir-Grenze) ; id., I.e. p. 832 (1807) (Bozen ; Trient) ; Fettig, Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 Fr. p. 63 (1868) (col. of pupa) ; Mann, Verh. ;■. h. Gef. Wien p. 373 (1869) (Dalmatien) ; 

 Butler, Cut. Dhiin. Lrj,. Fabrie. p. 249. n. 51 (1869) : Heylarts, Tijehehr. r. Ent. p. 143. n. 1 

 (1870) (Breda) ; Lederer, Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. p. 18 (1870) (Transcaucasia) ; Ebrard, Bull. 

 Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 8 (1870) (col. of pupa) ; Bishopp, Entnm,. p. 17 (187U) (Ipswich) ; Brooks, 

 ibid. p. 346 (1870) (Dew.smere) : Fallou, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 54 (1871) (col. of pupa) ; id.. 

 I.e. p. 55 (1872) (col. of pupa) ; Eaynor, Entomol. p. 223 (1872) (Maldon) ; Backer, Tijdschr. 

 V. Ent., Versl. p. 23 (1875) ; Parker, Entomol. p. 301 (1875) : Pagenstecher, Vcrh. Nat. Ver. 

 Heidelberg p. 96. n. 12 (1875) : Swierstra, Tijdsehr. v. Eiit., Versl. p. 104 (1876) ; Elwes, Tr. 

 Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 389 (1887) (Pyr., up to 5000 feet) ; Mills, Entomol. p. 191 (1877) (Essex) ; 

 Earn, ibid. p. 252 (1877) (Kent) ; Goos, ibid. p. 285 (1877) (Sussex) ; Cooper, ibid. p. 299 

 (1877) (Kent) ; Walker, Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 193 (1879) (Pt. Backler. Turkey : April, gen. I. ; 

 July, gen. II.) ; Rambouts, Tijdsehr. v. Ent., Versl. p. 18 (1879) ; Swinton, Ent. .!/«. Mag. 

 p. 40 (1879) (Capri, July) ; Jordan, ibid. p. 87 (1879) (Zermatt, June & July) ; Oberthiir, 

 Et. d'Ent. IV. p. 08. u. 192 (1879) (;-.;».) ; Wilson, Larv. of Brit. Lep. p. 1. t. 1. f. 1 (1880) ; 

 Mann, Entomol. p. 66 (1881) (Bristol) ; Mathew, Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 29 (1881) (Turkey) ; 

 Malpas, ibid. p. 110 (1881) (Norfolk Fen) ; Buckler, ibiel. p. 244 (1881) ; Pomtt, ibid. p. 110 

 (1882) (Wicken Fen) ; Wheeler, ibid. p. 169 (1884) (Norfolk) ; Seton, Ent. Mo. .Uag. p. 141 

 (1884) (Surrey) ; Calberia, Iris p. 121 (1884) (Mittel ItaUen) ; Romanoff, Mem. Lqi. I. p. 43 

 (1884) (Transcaucasia) ; Christoph., ibid. p. 93 (1884) (Askhabad) ; Goossens, Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 Fr. p. 181 (1885) (life hist.) ; Buckler, I.are. of Brit. Butt. & Moths p. 1. t. 1. f. 1. la-f (1886) ; 

 Jacoljy, Ent. Mo. Mag. p. 88 (1886) (Heme Bay) ; Bath, ibid. p. 126 (1886) ; Jones, ibid. 

 p. 182 (1886) (Switzerland) ; Kane, ibid. p. 245 (1886) ; Cuisine, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 103 

 (1886) (var.) ; Poulton, P. Z. S. p. 208 (1887) ; Ficksen, Romanoff's Mem. Lep. III. p. 255. 

 n. 4 (1887) (Korea) ; Walker, Erd. Mo. Mag. p. 179 (1887) (Gibraltar. October!) ; Barrett, 

 ibid. p. 79 (1888) (oeeurrence in Engl.) : Jones, ibid. p. 209 (1888) (France mer.) ; Jackson, 

 Entomol. p. 89 (1888) (var.) ; Graeser, Berl. Ent. Zeit. p. 61. n. 1 (1888) (Amur) ; Alpheraky, 

 Eom. Mem. Up. V. p. 60. n. 1 (1889) ; id.. I.e. p. 94. n. 1 (1889) (Gan-ssu) ; Voigt, Slett Ent. 

 Zeit. p. 23 (1890) (Granada; an subap. sphijms'l) \ Bramson, Tagfalter p. 12 (1890); 

 Hofmann, Raup. d. Schrn. Eur. p. 1. t. 1. f. 2 (1890): Steinert, Iris IV. p. 176 (1891) 

 (Dresden) ; Renter, Ent. Nachr. p. 6 (1891) (col. of pupa) ; Standing., Bom. Mem. Lep. VI. 

 p. 128. n. 1 (1892) (Amur) : Austant, Le Nutnral. p. 13 (1892) : Barrett, Lep. Brit. Is. p. 13. 

 n. 1 (1892): Nicholson, Entomol. p. 210 (1893) (Budapest): Standen, ibid. p. 261 (1893) 

 (Corsica!); Bromilow, ibid. p. 347 (1893) (Aljjes mar.); Caradja, Iris VI. p. 169 (1894) 

 (Haute Garonne) ; Heyne & Riihl, Grossschmett. p. 69.'> (1895). 

 Fapilio reg/nae Retzius, Gen. Spec. Ins. p. 30. n. 5 (1783). 

 Pieris maehaon, Schrank, Fauna Boica II. 1. p. 16 (1801). 

 Jasoniades maehaon, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 83. n. 843 (1816). 

 Amarijssm maehaon, Dalman, Kongl. Vet. Aeeid. Iltdm. 37. p. 85 (1810). 



Fapilio maehaon var. ioat~hai Garbowsky, Soc. Ent. V. p. 154 (1892) {vkonstr.) ; Ruhl, I'rrossschmett. 

 p. 82 (1892). 



This widely distriluitt-d Fapilio is rather variable, especially in the amount of 

 black on t he wing.s. If we omit the American forms, which I cannot take into considera- 

 tion in the jiresent paper, there remain four subspecies of F. maehaon, namely : — 

 ((() : F. maehaon L., forma typ. in Central Em-ope as far north as Southern 



Sweden, and in Transcaucasia ; 

 (6) : F. maehaon sphyvm Hiibn. in South luu-oiie. North Africa, England, Asia 



»Minor, and Cashmere ; 

 (c) : F. inachaun sikh-imensis INIoore in the interior of Sikkini and Wuitan. in 



Thibet and West China ; Shan States ; 

 (d): F. machaoii hippooraten P'eld. in Eastern (]hina and .Japan. 

 Fapilio Tnachami has, in most places, two or (hree broods, which arc more or less 

 different iTito' se ; in Europe the summer hrooil has the black bands on tlie wings 

 more restricted than the spring brood, while the black colour is very much increased 

 in the summer brood of the .lapanese race. 



