( 27.5 ) 

 (li): P. machaou sphyrus iriilm. [rf,}, metam.].* 



Pfqjil!,, xphi/rus Hiibner, Eimp. Sdimrll. I. t. 155. f, 775. 776 (1818--27) (Patriat). 



Piipiliii 7narluiim\aT. sphi/nis, Speyer, Genijr. Vfrhr.SclimiU. Kiir. p. 278. sub n. 2 (1858) : Verloren, 



Tijchcln: r. Eni. p. 100 (1859) ; Min;\-Palumba e Failla-Tedaldi, .Xuliinil. Sicil. p. 20 (1889) 



(Sicilia). 

 Pdpiliii mai-hauii, Lucas, in Chenu's Eiio. dU/sl, Nut., Pup. p. 3i). t. 105 (1851-5.S) ; Gray, hep. Ins. 



NcjkikI p. (5. t. 3. f. 1 (1841!) ; Hutton, Tr. E. Sot: Lmid. p. 47 (1847) ; Lucas, Bull. Sor. E. Fr. 



p. 5 (1864) ; Lang, E,,l. Mn. .M,,,,. p. 101 (18f>4) (N.W. Himal., OOilO to 10,0U0 feet) ; Stoliczka, 



Verh. ,;. /). G<:s. TlVra p. HiM] (18CB) (N.W. Himal.). 

 Papilio mac/iaon Ma.r. mharae Oberthlir, El. d'Ent. IV. p. (i8.subD. 192 (1879) (Algcrie, Laghouat) : 



Heyne, in Rubl, Grossschmett. p. 094 (1895). 

 PapiVni macJiwiii var. asiaticii M^n^tries, Ennnier. C'orj>. Anim. .Uiis. Petr. I. p. 70 (1855) (p.p.) ; Doh. 



Joiim. As. .S'. Benfj. p. 136. n. 222 (1886) (Kumaon) ; Butler, Ann. .Ung. .V. //. (0). I. p. 205. 



n. 94 (1888) (N.W India) ; Alpheraky, E'uii. Mem. Up. V. p. 00. sub n. 1 (1889) ; Heyne, in 



Euhl, Grnssschmett. p. 694 (1895). 

 Papilio macluton var., Kollar, in Hiigel's Ka»i:lnitir IV. 2. p. 404 (1848). 

 Papilio asiatica Moore, P. Z. S. p. 258 (1882) ; Butler, P. Z. S. p. 377. n. 83 (1880). 

 Papilio machaon ab. sphyrus, Austant, Le Naiuralistc p. 23 (1892) ; Heyne, in Rubl, H rosssrhmett. 



p. 694 (1895). 

 Papilio machaou var. hospitonides Oberthlir, Ei. d'Ent. XII. p. 21. t. 5. f. 19 (1888) {the uamr, i.i 



Ift'sed upon an aberration of the larro !). 



The black bands broad; the subinarginnl hand to the binder wings, npperside, 

 often almost touching the discoidal cell. 



(«-) : ab. laclakensis IMoore. 

 Papilio ladal-ensis Moore, Jonrn. As. S. Bmy. p. 40 (1880). 



Tails very short. 



The Asiatic specimens of machaon agree so well with Sicilian, North African, 

 and English examples that 1 cannot separate them subspecitically from spliyrus; tliey 

 form often a connecting link between sphyrus and kippocrates in having the sub- 

 marginal black band to the underside of the hindwings rather much constricted 

 lietween upper median nervules, a character which is strongly pronounced in 

 hippjocrates. 



Men^tri^s Q.c.) distinguishes his P. machaon var. asiatica from European 

 machaon only by the broader black bands of the wings, and gives as habitat of this 

 form "Himalaya and Kamtschatka." Alphcraky (/.c.) has already pointed out that 

 Menetries's variety cannot be identical with the form described as siH-iinensis by 

 Mr. F. Moore; as the " hub." Himalaya stands first, the name of a-siaticus must be 

 restricted to Himalayan individuals, and as it cannot be referred to the examples from 

 the Central Himalayas, which are sikkimensis, it has to be united to the Xortli-West 

 Himalayan specimens ; from this latter country specimens of machaon have long 

 been known, whereas the Central Himalayan form (which certainly flies also in the 

 eastern parts of the Himalayas, which are practically unknown) lias been discovered 

 only twelve years. The P. machaon from the North-West Himalayas and Cashmere 

 is, however, in most cases indistinguishable from the Alediterrauean machaan, i.e. from 

 sphi/rtts Hiibn., and so I am forced to sink asiaiieas Men. as a synonym to sphyms 

 Hiibn. 



The most pronounced sphyo-us occur in certain parts of North Africa. 



The specimens with the tails to the hindwings more or less obliterated (ab. 



For the bitjliography of the Kngli.sh /-*. iiiaehaim sphifrua scir /'. mnchiton. 



