ladakensis Moore) are most ahiuidant in the Xortli-\\est Hiinahiyas, where they fly 

 together with long-tailed individuals. 



Hah. England (4 c? , 2 J ) ; South Europe (4 J , 4 ? ) ; North Africa (2 cJ ) : West ern 

 Asia, including Cashmere and the north-west parts of Central Asia (28 (J, 11 ?). 



(c): P. machaon sikkimensis Moore [c?, ?]. 



Papilio machaon var. asialica, Nic^ville Qiec Mt'iK^tri^s, 1855), Journ. As. S. Beng. p. 93 (1883). 



Pdp'iliii aiklimensis Moore, Journ. As. S. Beng. p. 47 (1884). 



Papilio machaon, Elwes, Tr. E. Soc. Lond. p. 437. n. 435 (1888) (not found in Brit. Sikkim ; occurs 



probably only in the higher, dryer hills of the interior) ; Leech, Butt, of China, etc. p. .'JlG 



(//./;.) t. 35. f. 2 (1893) ; Nic.'-v., Gazetteer of Sil;l;ini p. 175. n. 504 (1894) (Sikkim ; at high 



elevations in the interior : July, August). 

 (?) Popilio mm-hnoii, Nici'ville, Journ. Bombay N. B. Soc. p. 387. n. 91 (1890) (Chin-Lushai) ; 



Manders, Tr. Enl. Sor. Lond. p. 536. n. 199 (1891) (Shan State.s ; not uncommon at 40l.>0 feet, 



more rarely at 3000 feet). 

 Papilio machaon var. sil.l.-imensis, Heyne, in Eiihl, Grossschnolt. p. ()94 (1895). 



Black bands broad. Orange spot of anal mark to hindwings separated from tlie 

 blue lunule in front of it by means of a black semicircle ; orange spot often as small 

 as in P. hospiton Gent5. Submarginal black band to hindwings on underside usually 

 not bordered with orange at its discal side. 



Hab. Central Himalayas (7 (J, 1 ?); Western China (8 J); Kukunor (1 J); 

 Shan States (the .*ame ?). 



The individuals of P. machaon from the higher parts of Western China belong 

 to sikkimensis; those from the valleys and from Central and Eastern China combine 

 the characters of sphjrus, sikkimensis, and hippocrates, and come often very near 

 to typical machaaa. The Chinese summer brood, chiefly in Eastern China, is mostly 

 the mme ai hippocrates ; the specimens of the spring brood are of the si/.e of our 

 European raachaon, but they have the submarginal lilack band on underside of 

 hindwings always much more narrowed l)etween the upper median nervules than 

 true 'machaon. 



(d): P. machaon hippocrates Feld. [<?, ?,nietam.] 



Papilio machaon var., De Haan, Vuh. Xai. 6>.--. Xed. orerz. bez., Zool. p. 42. t. 5. f. 4 (1840) 

 Papilio hippocrates Felder, Verh. z. b. Ges. HVu p. 314. n. 356. & p. ,302. n. 201 (I8(;4) ; Butl., .-Inn. 



May. N. II. (5). IX. p. 19. n. 34 (1882) (Yokohama) ; Butl., I.e. (5). XI. p. 113. n. 18 (1883) 



(Corea). 

 Pajiilio machaon Orza, Lcp. Jop. p. 11. n. 9 (ISCm) ; Pryer, Tr. E. Soc. Lond. p. 486 (1882) ; id., 



Rhop. Nihon. p. 3. n. 1. t. 1. f. U. iB (1886) ; Leech, Hiitt. of China, etc. p. 516 (1893) {p.p.). 

 Papilio machaon var. micado P.agenstecher, Verh. Nat. Vrr. Heidi-lberg p. 98. n. 15 (1875). 

 Papilio machaon var. hippocrates, Elwes, P. Z. S. p. 870 (1881) (p.p. : N.E. Asia & Japan) ; Heyne, 



in Riihl, Grosssclimett. p. 694 (1895). 

 Papilio machaon var. asiatica cfc hipjiocrates, Leech, P. Z. S. p. 404 (1887) (larva noticed). 

 Papilio machaon ab. hippocrates, Austant, Le Naturaliste p. 31 (1892). 



Sjyt-ing brood: differs from P. machaon and its varieties in having the sub- 

 marginal black band on the underside of the hindwings very narrow, except in the 

 cellule between the lower median nervules, where it is comparatively very broad, and 

 in having both edges of this band strongly bordered with black. L'pperside of the 

 wings mostly of the dark yellow tint of P. machaon ab. auranliacus Speyer. 



Summer brood (or broods) : typical hippocrates. Very large. Both sexes have 

 the orange anal spot on the hindwings separated from the blue lunule before it by 

 a black semicircle, as in P. machaon sikkimensis Moore. Mules generally of the 

 colour of the spring brood, but with the black bands on (lie uppersidc bioader, 



