( -^81 ) 



one knows that this is not its ]]roper name ; and so I must satisfy myself bv naming 

 the Asiatic insect P. demoleus L. ; the African species has to stand as P. deinodocus 

 Esp. [_Au8l. Schmett. p. 205. t. 51. f. 1 (1798)]. 



Four subspecies belong to P. demoleus L. : — 



(a) : P. demoleus L. from India, Ceylon, China ; 



(6) : P. demoleus malayanus Wall, from Malay Peninsula, Hainan ; 



(cj : P. demoleus sthenelinus subsp. nov. from the lesser Sunda Islands ; 



(d) : P. demoleus sthenelus IMacLeay from Northern Australia and South New 

 Guinea. 



The differences between the four geographical forms are but slight. 



Wallace (Tr. Linn. Soc. Load. XXV. p. 59) records sthenelus from Goram 

 l^land; I liave not seen a specimen from that locality. 



In all local races of P. demoleus L. the females are distinguished from the 

 males by having the red anal mark of the hindwings emarginate anteriorly, and 

 in possessing a blue lunule in front of it ; sometimes this character is also found 

 in the male, but in a less degree. 



(a) : P. demoleus L., forma typ. 13, ?, metam.]. 



Oberthlir, Et. d'Ent. YV. p. 57 (1879), describes his P. erithonius var. demoleinus 

 as having a black spot and blue lunule before the red anal mark of the hindwings. 

 As said before, this character is always present in the female, and sometimes in the 

 7nale, from all localities; if one will maintain that varietal name, it must be restricted 

 to such examples of the male sex. 



Hab. From Persia and Cashmere to Ceylon and the Shan States, at lower 

 elevations (28 c?, 7 ?); China (5 (?, 2 ?); Formosa. 



(h): P. demoleus malayanus Wall. [cJ, ?]. 



Pupilio eritJwnius, Gray (nee Cramer, 1782), Cut. Lep. Ins. B. .1/. I. p. 21. n. 92 (1852) {p.p. ; 



Penang) ; id., Lht Lep. Ins. B. M. I. p. 28. n. '.(9 (1856) {p.p. : Penang) : Horsf. & Moore, 



Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. E. I. C. I. p. 105. n. 211 (1857) {p.p. ; Peuaug) ; Wallengr., Wkn. Ent. 



Hon. VII. p. 65. n. 3 (1863) (Malacca); Eeak., Prnc. Ent. S'k: Phil. p. 472. n. 19 (1864) 



{2>.2>. ; "Philippines" he. err.}. 

 Pap'dio erithomus local form a {nwlayanus) Wallace, Tr. Lhm. Soc. Loud. XXV. p. .'»9. suli n. 81 



(1865) (Singapore ; "Manila" loc. err. ; nee Flores). 

 PupHio mulaijomis Butler, Tr. Linn. Soc. Land. (2). Zoul. I. p. 552. n. 8 (1877) (Malacca) ; Moore, 



P. Z. S. p. 697 (1878) (Hainan). 

 Pupilio erithonius var. malayanus, Distant, Rhop. Mai. p. 350. n. 14. t. 27b. f. 6 (1885) (Malay Pen.) ; 



Holland, Tr. .liner. Ent. Soc. Phil. XIV. p. 123. n. 75 (1887) (Hainan ; apparently excessively 



common in Hainan). 

 Orplieides niulayanus, Moore, Joum. Linn. Soc. Lond. XXI. p. 50 (1889) (Mergui). 



The transverse band of the hindwings is broader within the cell than in typical 

 P. demoleus, so that it is less deeply sinuate at the end of the cell. 



Hab. Malay Pen. (6 (J, 4 ?); Uainwo (the same?). 



Whether the Hainan demoleus belong to this form or to the typical race I do 

 not know. The " hab." Philippines (see Reakirt, I.e.) is certainly erroneous. 



(c): P. demoleus sthenelinus snbsii. nov. [S, $]. 



Papilio erithonius local form a {mahi i/onus) Wallace, I.e. p. 59. sub n. 81 (1865) {p./i. : Flores). 

 Papilio erithonius, Snellen (».-c. Linni^, 1758), Tijdschr. v. Ent. XXXIV. p. 250. n. 47 (1891) (Flores) ; 



Rober, ibid. p. 276 (1891) (Flores; Alor);Pagenst., Jahrh. Nass. TV. xVoi. p. 57 (1894) (Sumba). 

 Papilio {Orpheidcs) erichtlumius, Doherty, Joiirn. As. Soc. Benij. p. 191. n. 107 (I89I) (Sumba; 



Samba wa). 



