( 293 ) 



Gc.-<ch. Xctl. (,vcr7.. bez. p. 30 (1840) ; Guerin, Voij. C'oqiiille. Zuul. III. p. 278 (1842) (Amboina) ; 



Doubl. Westw. &, Hew., Gen. Dmrn. Lei,. I. p. 11. n. 59 (184G) (/;./;.) ; Gray, (Jul. Lep. Ins. 



B. .1/. I. p. I'J. n. 79 (1852) (/-./<.); Blanch., V,,;/. Puk fiiii/. Le/>. p. ;!79 (^j.^;.). t. 1. f. 6. 7 



(1853) ; VoUenhov., Tijdschr. v. Enl. III. p. 74. ii. 29 (18(50) (/-./>.) ; Feld., Vsr/i. s. Ik Gcs. Wkn 



p. 319. n. 403 (1864) {p.p.) ; Wall., Tr. Linn. Sue. Lund. XXV. p. 49. n. 52 (1865) (Buru ; 



Ceram ; Amboina ; Gilolo ; Batjan ; nrc Am Is.) ; Butl., Cut. Dhtrn. Lep. dcscT. Ftiliric. p. 254. 



n. 63 (18i;9) ; Oberth., Et. d'Enl. IV. p. 40. n. 75 (1879) (Amboina) : id., Ann. .lAis. Cir. 



Genovit XV. p. 476. n. 20 (1880) : Standing. & Schatz, Ex„t. Schmrtl. I. p. 7. t. 4 (cJ) (1884) ; 



Pagenst., Jahrh. Nas.':. V,r. Naf. p. 202 (1884) (/'./'.); Butl, .Inn. .Mag. .V. //. (5). XIII. 



p. 197. n. 45 (1884) (Amboina). 

 Pttp'dio casiunens var. i-/wrrtmufru!cUns, Kirby, C'lct. J)iur/t. Lep. p. 810. sub n. 180 (1877). 

 $ ? . PapiUo ctnerriiMacnlaltis, Ribbe, Iris II. p. 208. n. 5 (1890) (Ceram ; nir Papua) : Hober, 



Tijdschi: v. Enl. XXXIV. p. 273 (1891) (Ceram). 



The figures 1 (upper.side) and 2 (underside) of plate 43 of .Seba's Thesaarus IV., 

 though incoiTect and exaggerated in pattern, fit rather well to certain /e?u«/e specimens 

 of Cramer's P. sevenis, in which the white discal markings on the underside of the 

 hindwings are reduced to small lunate spots ; the hindwings of Seba's PapiUo have, 

 on the upperside, a series of reddish submarginal lunules, and, behind the white discal 

 area that is formed as in Ci"amer's insect, a series of blue spots, which in Seba's 

 figure are too sharply defined. To this figure Goeze (I.e.) gave the name of P. (E. Ach.) 

 fuscHS three years before Cramer described and figured the same insect as P. {E. Tr.) 

 sever lis. To the figures 17 (upperside) and 18 (underside) of plate 46 of Seba, which 

 represent a male specimen of the same insect with the white markings of the under- 

 side of the hindwings of the usual rather large size, Goeze gave the name of P. {E. 

 Ach.) ciiiereoniaculatiis ; as Goeze enumerates fuscua under ii. 71 and cinereomacu- 

 latus under n. 76 in the same volume, the name of P. fuscus has to stand. 



A number of insects allied to P. fioacus have been described as distinct species, 

 which are, however, not always distinguishable from each other and P. fuscus, and 

 must, therefore, be treated partly as local forms of that species and partly as mere 

 aberrations; thus we have the following races : — 



(a) : P. fuscus Goeze from the Bloluccas ; 



(6) : P. fuscus castaneus Goeze from Celebes, Sulla Islands, and Sangir Island; 

 (c) : P. fuscus rotalita Swinhoe from the Key and Aru Islands ; 

 (d) : P. fuscus beccarii Olierth. from Dutch and German Xew (iuinea ; 

 (c) : P. fuscus indicatua Butl. from British New Guinea ; 

 (/) : P. fuscus capaneus Westw. from North Australia ; 

 ((/) : P. ftiscus xenophilus Mathew from the Solomon Islands ; 

 (h) : P. fuscua prexaapes Feld. from Malacca, Sumatra, Iterueo, .\ndamuu 

 Islands. 



PapiUo cili.v Godm. & Salv. and P. alhinus Wall. I consider to be separate 

 species for reasons given below. 



In Java, the lesser Sunda Islands, and the Philippines no representative has as 

 yet been found ; it will i)rohably be a form similar to P. fuscua prexaspea Feld. 



('0 : P- fuscus Goeze, forma typ. [J,?]- 



Roth sexes are very variable in ]iattern. The forewiiigs have often subapical 

 and anal white markings; sometimes there is, on the underside, a complete white 

 band, as in P. fuscus capaneus Westw. ; this band stands mostly farther from the 

 outer margin than in that subspecies. The white discal area of the hindwings 

 reaches sometimes the abdominal margin of the wing, as is usually the case in 



