( ^^-i'^ ) 



(^ $ . Pajiiliii pohjti-s var. cci/ldiiicus Felder, Verh. z. b. Gis. Wicn p. 3i;i. sul) n. P.'J.'i. .*l p. :i(17. d. 235 



(1864) (Eambodde, Ceylon). 

 (J ? . Lua-liaa romid>is,Moore, Lej>. Cei/Ion I. p. 150. t. 59. f. ] (^). la ( ? ). lb ( ? ). Ic ( $ ) (ISSl) 



(Ceylon). 

 (J. Piipilio jmnimoti, Aurivillius, Koiigl. Si\ Vet. A/,-. Ifaiiil/. XIX. 5. p. 13. n. 8 (1882). 

 cJ ? . Laerlias jmmmuii, Moore, P. Z. S. p. 259 (1882) (N.W. Himal.) ; Swinb., ihid. p. 145. n. 140 



(1885) ; (Bombay it Deccan ; c^mmou everywhere ; Uxrm & pupa notkcd) ; id., l.i-. p. 433. 



n. 96 (1886) (Mhow). 

 c^ ?. Piipil/o (Laertkis) pohjlex, Swinhoe, l.r. p. 512. n. 60 (1884) (Kurraehee) ; Hamps., Juurn. 



As. Sue. Bciiij. p. 363. n. 201 (1888) (Nilgiri Hills, 1000 to 7000 feet ; 3 forms of ? ) : Fergus., 



Journ. Bombciij N. H. Sor. p. 446 (1891) (Trauvancore). 

 (J?. LiiiHins polytes, Moore, Joiirii. Linti. Sm: Lviid. XXI. p. 51 (1889) (Mergui) ; Snino., 



Tr. Kill. Soc. Land. p. 313. n. 387 (1893) (Khasia Hills). 

 J 5 • Pi-ipilio (Laertkis) pulites, Doherty, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. p. 137. n. 233 (1886) (Kumaon). 



This variable polymoiijhic Papilio has developed into a number of geograiiliical 

 forms, which inhabit an area extending from Ceylon, North-West India, and Northern 

 China to the Moluccas and the Timor group of islands ; in the islands further east, 

 and in North Australia, it is represented by P. ambrax Boisd., of which the females 

 come often very close to that sex of P. polytes and have been recorded under the 

 latter name (see P. ambra.c). In the Tenimber Islands neither P. polytes \j. nor 

 P. ambrax Boisd. have as yet been found; Letti, Kisser, and Babber are inhabited 

 by P. polytes, the Aru and Key Islands by P. ambrax. 



There are two groups of races of Papilio polytes L., which can be separated in 

 the male sex as follows : — 



A. Hindwings, underside, with blue scales in the posterior region behind the 

 discal white spots. 



(a) : P. polytes L. from India, Ceylon, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 



Malay Peninsula, Deli (Sumatra), Burma, Siam, Tonkin ; 

 ij)) : P. pjolytes boreaUs Feld. from China and the Loo Choo Islands ; 

 (v) : P polytes theseits Cram, from the larger and lesser Sunda Islands ; 

 (d) : P. polytes alcindxri' Oberth. from Saleyer and Celebes. 



B, Hindwings without blue scales behind the discal band beneath ; sometimes 

 there is a slight trace of the blue scaling. 



(e) : P. polytes a lphe7ior Cya.jn. {rom the Southern Moluccas, Sulla Islands, 

 Philippine Islands, Sulu Islands, Palawan, and North Borneo ; Pelew 

 Islands ; 



(/) : P. polytes perversus mihi from Sangir and Talaut ; Siao Islands ; 



((/) : P. polytes nicanor Feld. from the Northern Moluccas. 



The femahs of the two groups of races run into one another. 



Each of these seven local races into which I have divided P. polytes L. has one 

 form of the 7nale sex, which is, however, variable in P. piolytes theseits Cram, in 

 respect to the development of the tails, and at least two forms of the other sex, in 

 every locality except Celebes; these /(!)n«ie-forms occur together at the same time of 

 the year, though the observations about this fact are very scanty and differ from each 

 other; and it has been proved by rearing that one /enwf?e produces at least two femnle- 

 forms. On the whole we can .say for certain that (1) the diti'erent/e)(i.afes are neither 

 true seasonal forms nor always confined to certain places, as valleys or hills, open 

 land or forest, swamps or desert land, etc. ; (2) that two forms can be produced by one 

 /eiJW ie-specimen. 



We have, therefore, an exam])le of true iiolyniorphisni before us, which is very 



