( 36f> ) 



Habital hi Asia. 



Alae omnes nigrae, quasi e.e venis nigns dUatntis strlntue, interjectia 

 macvJis albis sagittatis : anteriwibiis l<y)igi<n^ihus, postremis hreviw- 

 ihus : in alls ■posiicis ordo extimus mcuyularwm, ren.ifornwu.'m luteua ;  

 ex his ad angxdum ani maculae luteae geminatae, etiam supra 

 conspicuae. 



The description in Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 301. n. 119 (1764) is still more complete, 

 and there is not the slightest doubt that Linne's dissimilis is the insect figured 

 uuder that name by Cramer, Herbst, Esper, Moore (see synonymy of dissiriiUh), 

 which has both wings " striate " with black and white as certain Danaids. 



Though the identity of LinnS's three species is quite clear, there arises the 

 question whether these insects are really different species. As clytia and panope are 

 connected bv a complete chain of intermediate specimens, panope must he treated as 

 a geographical form of clytia, which is the first described of the two. Papilio 

 dissimilis L. has a quite different aspect than either P. clytia ox panope. I possess, 

 however, specimens from the Khasia Hills which have the white markings of the 

 forewings obliterated, except those near the outer margin, whereas the hindwings are 

 marked as in dissimilis. Such specimens look as if artificially jmt together from 

 clytia and dissimilis, and make it probable that clytia and dissimilis belong to one 

 dimorphic species. We have further evidence in this direction in the observations 

 alx)ut the life history of both insects : the caterpillars are the sjime, feed on the 

 same plant, and we are told by Aitkeu \Journ. Bomb. N. II. Soc. II. p. 37 (1887)] 

 that, out of a number of caterpillars found together, one which was not distinguishable 

 from the rest turned into clytia, while the others gave dissiniilis. Moreover clytia 

 and dissimilis have several times been found in copula. Several Indian entomologists 

 have tried to rear these Papilios from the eggs of one female, but as far as I know 

 nobody succeeded in getting eggs from a captured specimen. Though the real proof 

 by rearing is, therefore, still wanting, I think the evidence in favour of my opinion, 

 that clytia and dissimilis are forms of a dimorphic species, is so strong that I am 

 justified in treating them as such. 



Besides P. clytia, panope, and dissimilis of Jjnne, eight more "species" or 

 varieties have been erected, which are either local forms or mere individual aberra- 

 tions, as explained below. 1 can distinguish six subspecies : — 



(n) : P. clytia L. from Northern India ; 



(6) : P. clytia lankeswara Moore from t'eylon ; 



(c) : P. clytia panope L. from Tenasserim, ^lalacca, Siam, Cochin China, East 



China, Hainan, and Formosa; 

 (fZ) : P. clytia panopinus Standing, from Palawan ; 

 (e) : P. clytia jjalephates Westw. from the Philii>pine Islands ; and 

 (/): P. clytia Jiacolimbatus Oberth. from the Andaman Islands. 



The lesser Sunda Islands are inhabited bv a closely allied species, /'. echidita 

 Boisd. 



The local races of P. clytia are all variable, but we have here a very curious 

 example of incongruous \ariation : P. clytia, P. clytia lankesicara, and /*. clytia 

 panope are pronouncedly dimorphic. To each of these three geogra[)liical races 

 belong a clytia and a dissimilis form ; while, however, the clytia-form develops in 

 the respective localities into a subspecies, its aberration dissimilis, though very 

 variable in every locality, remains the same. The dissimilis from t'eylon, .'Vssam, 



