( :"9 ) 



As this insect is sexunUy dimorpliic and varies according to season and localitv, 

 it has received a good many names: P. bianor Cram., dehaani Fe\d., japuiticics 

 Buth, Udanus Fent., alliacmon ^Orza, lorquini Reak., dudis Leech, siifanius 

 Oherth., paris Godart, maacki Men., ritddei Brem. After examination of long series 

 of specimens, I come to the concUision tliat all these " species " and '• varieties " 

 belong to Manor Cram., the range of wliich extends, tlierefore, from Thibet over 

 China to Jajian and Amnrland. 



Fom- rather well characterised geographical forms of /'. hiauor Cram, can be 

 distinguished, namely' : — 



((') : P. h'lanor Cram., inhabiting China ; 



(//) : P. Idanor dehaitni Feld. from Japan ; 



(c) : P. bianor maacki Men. from North Japan and Amnrland ; 



{<!) : P. bianor syfanius Oberth. from Western China and Thibet. 



("J : P. bianor Cram., forma typ. [<?,?]• 



The cottony striites on the forewings of the male are not at all so constant as 

 Leech {Butt, of China, I.e.) says; I have sjaecimens in which all the strijies are 

 separated from one another ; and such a variability is not to be wondered at, as we 

 find the cottony stripes variable in size and number in all the .species where they 

 appear; in some insects, for example in P. crino Fabr. and montrouzieri Boisd., 

 these sexual marks vary even to such an extent that certain individuals have tlie 

 stripes develo^jed, while others have no stripes at all. 



The whitish colour of the outer region of the forewiugs beneath is sometimes much 

 restricted, in other examples the whitish scales are scattered almost over the whole wing. 



The specimens of the spiring brood are much smaller than those of the summer 

 broods, which are t3pical P. 6i«?iojkjQram. 



Hal), ('liina (except the extreme south and north) ("30 cJ, 15 ?). 



(b): P. Manor dehaani Feld. [J,?]. 



PapUw hwmiv var., De Haan, TV)7i. Nnt. Qarh. Xttl. orerz. bez. p. 28. t. 5. f. 1. 2 (1840) (Japan). 

 PapiViu de/iarim FeWer, Vcrli. z. h. Ge.i. Wkn p. :i23. n. 451. & p. 371. n. 2G8 (1804) ; Murray, Ent. 

 Mi,. .Muij. p. 1(56 (1874) (Yokohama) ; Oberth., Et. d'Eiit. IV. p. 39. n. 24 (1879) (Japan) ; 

 Elwes, P. Z. H. p. 871 (1881) ; Butler, Aim. Mr,;,. X. H. (.5). XI. p. 113. n. 21 (1883) (Corea !). 

 ?. Piijiilio hrquhu Reakirt, Pror. Ent. Sac. Phil. p. 4(i2. n. 11 (18G4) ("Philippines" lor. err.). 

 Piipilio maacki, Pryer, Plinp. \ilio?i. p. 3. n. 3 (1886) (p.p.). 

 Piipilio hinnor var. <leh:iiiiii, Leech, Butt, from China, etc. p. 527 (18113). 



Differs from P. biaiior Cram, chiefly in the wliilish scaling of the outer region 

 of the forewing below being re.stricted to a more or less narrow band. 



Mr. Butler \_Ann. Mag.X. H. (o). XL p. 113. n. 21 (1883)] says that P. dehaani 

 has at least two scarlet submarginal sjiots to the upperside of the hindwiugs, whereas 

 his P. japonims has never more than two and sometimes none at all ; this statement 

 is erroneous, typical deliaani having onlv the anal mark partly red (compare 

 De Haan's fig.). The number of the scarlet submarginal sjmts is very variable in 

 every brood, as is the breadth of the whitish hand on the forewings beneath. 



(«■•'): ah. gen. \ev\\. jupniiicus iJutl. 



Papilin japoiiira Butler, .Jimrii. /.inn. Sor l.iini!., Zonl. IX. ]i. .'/O. n. I. note (18C('>) (Japan: mc 



China ; '' N. India " Inc. err.). 

 Papitio alliacmon Orza, Lrpj. .lap. p. (1809) (Japan). 

 Papilio dehaani vm: jajnniica, Elwes, /'. Z. S. ]). 871 (1881). 

 Vapilio hianor Viiv. ja/ioniea. Leech. Jhitt.from China, etc. p. 528 (1893). 



Much smaller than (he summer brood. 



