(17«9) ; Fiibr., Ent. Syst. III. 1. p. 24. n. 71 (IT'.LS) ; Lewin, /;«. (ir. lint. p. 74. t. SS (179o) ; 

 Donovan, Bril. Ins. IV. p. 3. t. 101) (1795) ; Panzer, Faumi Im. Germ. Hft. 30. t. 24 (1796) : 

 Prunner, Lep. Pedem. p. 3. n. 4(1798); Hiibner, £«;•. Schnietl.I. t. 77.1388. 389(1798—1803) : 

 Turton, Sysl. X'll. III. 2. p. IG (180(5) ; Oclisenheimer, Schmell. Eur. I. 2. p. 118. u. 2 (1808). 



Piijiiliri jKukiliriii.s Fuesslin (Fuessly), rt-c.-. Srhtreh. I;is. p. 28. n. 544 (1775) ; Walkenaer, Fmuie 

 Paris. II. p. 261. n. 1 (18U2); LatreUle, UM. Nal. Crusl. Im. XIV. p. 109. n. 2 (1805) ; Godart, 

 Em: MM. IX. p. 50. n. 74. t. 9. f. 5 (1819) ; id., JIht. Nat. Up. Frame p. 3G. t. 1. f. 1 (1821); 

 Duponcbel, Imn. Chen. Fraitcep. 40. t. 1. f. 1 (1832-36) ; Curtly Prit. Ent. XIII. t. 578 (1836); 

 Boisduval, Sper. Gen. Lep. I. p. 245. n. 70 (1836) : Selys-Longchamps, Cat. Lep. Bekj. p. 14. 

 n. 1 (1837) ; Blancbard, Ilht. Nat. Ins. III. p. 421. n. 5 (1841) ; Duponcbel, Cat. MM. Lep. 

 d'Eur. p. 21 (1844) ; Lucas, Lip. d'Eur. p. 22. t. 14. f. 1 (1845) ; Doubl. Westw. & Hew., Gen. 

 Diurn. Lep. I. p. 15. n. 124 (1846) ; Hutton, Tr. E. Sac. Lund. V. p. 47. n. 2 (1847) ; Gray, 

 Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mas. I. p. 31. n. 146 (1852) : Lucas, Chenu's Enc. d'Hist. Nat., Pap. p. 37 

 (1853) {p.p.) ; Speyer, Geogr. Verbr. Schnieil. p. 277. u. 1 (1858) ; Trimoulet, Cat. Lip. Gironde 

 p. 10. n. 1 (1859) ; Praun, Ear. Tagf. Pap. IX. Papil t. 1. f. 3. 4 (1859) ; Fritscb, Verh. z. h. 

 Ges. Wien pp. 238. 240. 642. 862. 864 (1862) ; Felder, ibid. p. 304. n. 209. & p. 348. n. 14 (1864) ; 

 Lederer, Ann. Sac. Ann. Belt/, p. 53 (1865) (Anatolia) ; Mann, Verh. s. b. Ges. Wien p. 325 

 (1866) (Dobrudscha) ; id., I.e. p. 66 (1867) (Militiir Grenze) ; id., I.e. p. 832 (1867) (Bozen; 

 Trient) ; White, Entamal. p. 57 (1867) (Como) : Snellen, Wind. Ned. p. 69. note (1807) ; 

 Mann, Lc. p. 373 (1869) (Dalmatia) ; Lederer, Ann. Hoe. Ent. Belg. p. 18 (1870) (Tran.scaucasia) ; 

 Fondu, C. «. Soe. Ent. Belg. p. 84 (1875) (Belgium) ; Walker, Ent. Ma. Mag. XV. p. 194 (1879) 

 (Baklar, Turkey ; gen. I., April ; gen. II., June 27th) ; Oberthiir, Et. d'Ent. IV. p. 64. n. 163 

 (1879); Swinton, Ent. Mo. .Mag. XVI. p. 40 (1879) (Turin, July to August): Jordan, ibid. 

 p. 87 (1879) (Stalden, June to July) ; Forbes, ibid. p. 257 (1879) (W. Alp., June to July) ; 

 Jordan, ibid. p. 267 (18S0) (WaUis, June) ; Mathew, ibid. XVIII. p. 29 (1881) (Turkey); 

 Romanoff, Ram. Mini. Lep. I. p. 41 (1884) (Transcaucasia) ; Jones, Ent. .Uo. Mag. p. 151 (1887) 

 (Lugano) ; Calberla, Iris p. 121 (1887) (Mittel Italieu) ; Jones, I.e. p 209 (1888) (France 

 mi'r.) ; Staudfuss, Berl. E. Zeit. p. 233 (1888) ; Mina-Palumbo e Failla-Tedaldi, Natur. Sicil. 

 p. 19 (1889) (Sicilia) ; Bramson, Tag/alter p. 13 (189(1): Hofmann, h'anp. Sclnn. Eur.p.l. 

 t. 1. f. 1 (1890) ; Steinert, Iris IV. p. 174 (1891) (Dresden) : Staudinger, Iris V. p. 304 (1892) 

 (Kentei-Geb., bstl. v. Kiachta) ; Stauden, Entamal. p. 261 (1893) (Corsica) ; Nicholson, ibid. 

 p. 210 (1893) (Budapest) ; Colebey, ibid. p. 299 (1893) (Corsica) : Bromilow, ibid. p. 347 

 (1893) (Alp. mar.~l ; Caradja, Iris VL p. 169 (1894) (Haute Garonne) ; Riihl & Heyne, 

 Grus-isehmett. p. 81. 692 (1892-95). 



Papilio Eques Achivus sinan Poda, -Uiis. Graec. p. 62. n. 2. t. 2. i. 1 (1761). 



Papilio Eques Aehivusftumnteiis Fourcroy, Ent. Paris. II. p. 242. n. 24 (1785). 



Pieris podalirius, Schrank, Fauna baiea II. 1. p. 163. n. 1286 (1801). 



Iphielides podtdirius, Hiibner, re;;, bek. Schmetl. p. 82. n. 835 (1816). 



Pudtdirius europaeus Swainson, Zaal. Itlustr. (2). II. p. 105 (1831-33). 



Pajdlia padaliriiis var. dilutu Si'lys, Ann. Sac. Ent. Belg. p. 4 (1831) (ii dessin faiblement ebouche, 

 Ji queue contournde, obtenue d'l'closiou par M. Donckier : niunstr.). 



Papiliu sinnn, Staudinger, Cat. Lep. Eur. p. 1 (1871). 



Papilio pad^dirius niyrescens Eimer, Arlbild. Sehmelt. p. 81. 82. f. E (1889) {bred speeimen with 

 the blaeh colour of the wings much expanded). 



Papilio jJod'dirius L. has four local races: — 



(m) : 1'. podalirius L. from CJentral Europe ; 



(6) ; P. podalirius feisthameli Dup. tVoin Soutli-East Europe and North Africa; 



(u) : P. podalirius viryaias Bull, from A.-^ia Minor; 



{d): P. podalirius podalirinus Uberth. from Western C'liina. 



The spring hrooA generally differs from the summer brood (or broods) in Laving 

 the hairs of the front of the head longer, tlie black bands on the wings broader, and 

 the abdomen blacker on the upperside. 



(«): P. podalirius L., forma typ. [c?,?, metam.]. 

 One brood in the northern [.iirts of its range. The black bands of the forewiugs 

 ;iie often divided loncil udinallv. 



