( 41)6 ) 

 1(11. Papilio leosthenes Doubl. [(?,?]. 



Pitpilio leostlieiies Doubleday, A,w. Mdij. X. U. XVIII. p. 372 (1846) ; Gray, Col. Lrp. Ins. liiil. 

 Mm. I. p. 30. t. 3. f. 1 (I8oi) ; Felder, Verh. :. h. Gi«. Wieii p. 303. n. 207. & p. 348. n. Ill 

 (1864) ; OberthUr. El. d'Enl. IV. p. 64. n. 162 (187'.0 ; Eimer, Arlh. b. Schnell. p. 160. t. 3. f. 1 

 (1889). 



' Forewings semitransparent, chiefly owing to the scales being partly hairlike. 

 Besides the four bands crossing the cell of the forewings, there is in many sjieciniens 

 a small lilack mark between the two ujiper of these bands, indicating an additional 

 band which corresponds to the fourth band of the species of the ((n's<eW8-group. 

 Hah. Northern Australia (U J, 5 ?). 



Note. — In the groups IV. to XXVIII. the scaling of the wings is as a rule 

 dense ; in gi'oups I. to III. and in Troldes we have already seen that the scales 

 of the upper layer of the forewings, seldom those on the hindwings, have a tendency 

 to tieeome narrow and to assume a hairlike character. In the present and the 

 following groups this tendency is very obvious. In aristeus and its allies the 

 difference between the upper and under scales is very feeble ; in the species 

 allied to antiphates Cram, the upper scales of some of the light, not of the dark, 

 portions of the forewings above become hairlike ; in other groups (eurypyhts L.) the 

 under scales disapjiear and the membrane bears, on the light parts of the upperside 

 of both wings, only the hairlike upper scales; a further step is shown by P. aga- 

 memnon L., codi-us Cram., and allies, in which also the light pai-ts of the underside 

 of the forewings, and partly those on the underside of the hindwings, lose the scaling. 

 In all cases where the scaling becomes thin, the membrane as.sumes a green or blue 

 c-oloiu-. This colour can already be noticed in P. leosthenes Doubl. — K. J. 



XXX. GLYCERION-GKOUP. 



First subcostal branch of the forewings confluent with the costa. Upper disco- 

 cellular veinlet to the forewings much longer than the second. Light bands of the 

 forewings witli hairlike scales in the anterior region. Abdominal fold of the hind- 

 wings of the male feebly developed; no cottony scent-organ. This group is confined 

 to Northern India, Thibet, and China. The five species, with two subspecies, are of 

 three different types : — 



(1) The North Indian rjlycerion Gray, with a local form caschniirensis m., is 

 represented in China by eurous Leech. 



(2) The Chinese maiidarimia Oberth. is represented in Northern India by a local 

 form (paphas Nicev.). 



(3) The Eastern Chinese alebion Gray has in Western China and Thibet as 

 representative species P. tamerlaniis Oberth. 



These species can be distinguished as follows : — 



1. a. Hindwings, upperside, without median black line; under.side with two 

 median black Unes, including between themselves thi-ee yellow spots ; 

 cell long, its apical half very narrow. 



P. glycerion and caschinirenaia from Northern India. 

 ';. The Chinese representative of i/lycei-ion has a discal black line on the 

 upperside of the hindwings. P. eurouD from China. 



