( 408 ) 



scales. The scales of the black bands are much In-oudcr in the costal region of the 

 forewings in caschmireiisis than in i/li/cerion. Tlie difference in the extent of the 

 white scaling can easily be seen without a lens when one puts a piece of black paper 

 underneath the wings. The forewings of glycerion are also much more glossy than 

 those of caschmirensis. 



Hah. Cashmere and North- West India (type from North Cashmere) (7 cJ). 



100. Papilio eui'ous Leech [cf]. 



Papilio eurout! Leech, Bull, from Cliimi, etc. p. 521. t. 32. f. 3 ((J) (1893) (Chang Yang, Central 

 China). 



Differs from the preceding species in the more jiointed apical angle of the fore- 

 wings, the more triangular hindwings, the broad black bands, the presence of a 

 median black line on the upperside of the hindwings, etc. The white scaling of the 

 forewings is more re.^tricted than in P. glycerion, especially so on the underside, 

 where it is conspicuous only in the anal region ; almost the whole of the under 

 surface of the forewings has, theiefore, a gloss}' appearance. 



Hub. Central China (8 <?). 



1(17. Papilio mandarinus Oberth. [J,?]. 



Pupilio ffh/rcrion var. mimdarinns Oberthur, El. d'Eiil. IV. p. 115. sub n. 1G5 (1879) (Monpin ; 



Kuy-Tseu). 

 Papiliu maudariims, Leech, Butt. /mm China, etc. p. 520 (1893) (W. China, common). 



We distinguish a Chinese and an Indian subspecies of this insect : — 



(a): P. mandarinus oberth., forma typ. [<?,?]. 



A sketch of the underside of the Lindwing, kindly sent to us by -Mr. Charles 

 Oberthur, shows that Mr. J. H. Leech was right in liis supposition that 1'. mandanmts 

 is not the Chinese representative of P. glycerion Gray. 



This species is rather variable in pattern : the fourth cellular liand of the fore- 

 wings is very broad in one specimen from Chou-to-in-sa, in others from IMoupin and 

 Huang-mu-Chan it is only faintly marked, while in others again, from ^^'a-shan, 

 it is entirely absent. The bases of the median nervules are mo.^tly, but not always, 

 black. The anal orange mark is often divided into two distinctly sejiurated spots 

 on the upperside. 



Hab. Western China (14 cj, 4 ?). 



Leech (I.e.) gives the description of P. mandarinus paphxm Nicev., not that of 

 mandarinus Oberth. 



(h): P. mandarinus paphus Nicdv. [c?,?]. 



Ptipdw ixiplmn Nicuvillo, Journ. An. S„r. /J,m/. .%,. p. 2.")4. t. II. f. G (J) (1886) (Sikkim ; 



0. Moller) : Elwes, Tr. Enl. Soc. Loud. p. 4:}2. n. 425 (1888) ; Eimer, Arlbild. Schmclt. p. 4G 



f. c. & p. G(; (1889) ; Honrath, Bert. K,il. Zdl. XXXVI. Sitz.-Bcr. p. 8 (1891) ("jiophix Nici'v. 



= tiimr.rlimuK Oberth." rx err.) ; Haase, Unlcrs. iib. Mim. p. 31 (1893). 

 Papilio (Patlinsii) puphun NicOville, Gazetteer of Sikkim p. 174. n. 492 (1894) (Sikkim; May to 



July, 3000 to 7000 feet). 



Though the North Indian mandarinus come very close to the Chinese ones, 

 I can clisiiuguish them by some characters which are not very prominent, but rather 

 constant : — 



The white scaling of the anal region of the ni)per.'<ide of the forewings, lietween 

 inner margin and upper median norvule, is denser, and the wing, therefore, evidently 



